BACKGROUND Dental waste can be hazardous to humans and the environment. OBJECTIVE To determine the current status of dental waste management in private and public dental clinics and private dental offices in Shiraz, southern Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from February through June 2013. A stratified random sampling method...

As per the estimates of World Health Organization (WHO) about 80% of world’s population depends on plant and plant products for their primary healthcare. Recently the demand for herbal drugs has increased many folds at the global level, as these herbal medicines do not have any side effects and its cost effectiveness. Huge quantities of solid waste is generated during the production of decoctio...

FDA's PAT Initiative provides an unprecedented opportunity for chemical engineers to play significant roles in the pharmaceutical industry. On-line process control, as an enabling process understanding tool and advanced quality control strategy, has been widely adopted in other industrial sectors. In the present manuscript, the authors will provide their perspectives on the need of chemical eng...

Pharmaceutical packaging is a complex group of products, the main purpose which to protect medicine and forward information. waste generated accumulated along various phases practices value chain. In general, amount has been growing during increasing political pressure reduce increase circulation materials. The goals solutions are expected be found in circular economy; however, literature on ph...

A sustainable society was proposed more than 50 years ago. However, it is yet to be realised. For example, the production of ammonia, an important chemical widely used in agriculture, steel, chemical, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, still depends on fossil fuels. Recently, biological approaches achieve ammonia have been gaining attention. Moreover, unlike methods, a lesser environmental...

The increased use of terrestrial crops for biofuel production and the associated environmental, social and ethical issues have led to a search for alternative biomass materials. Terrestrial crops offer excellent biogas recovery, but compete directly with food production, requiring farmland, fresh water and fertilizers. Using marine macroalgae for the production of biogas circumvents these probl...

Lactic acid, commonly used in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, has recently received much attention for the production of biodegradable plastics. In this study, Rhizopus oryzae MTCC 8784 was used to convert starch into optically pure L-Lactic acid. Effect of time, pH, addition of calcium carbonate and starch concentration were analyzed using shaker flasks in order optimize the L-la...