Many of the therapeutic interventions for intervertebral disc degeneration attempt to repopulate the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue; however, NP cells are heterogeneous and not well characterized. To address this, we have investigated the morphology, extracellular gene and protein expression, and apoptosis changes in NP explants cultured in vitro with or without chondrogenic reagents for differen...

Intervertebral disc (IVD) disorders are a major contributor to disability and societal health care costs. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the IVD exhibit changes in both phenotype and morphology with aging-related IVD degeneration that may impact the onset and progression of IVD pathology. Studies have demonstrated that immature NP cell interactions with their extracellular matrix (ECM) may be k...

The management of the National Park (NP) Kopaonik is entrusted to Public En?terprise (PE) ?NP Kopaonik?, which represents a delegated form ?state management? in public sector. paper aims study most important elements organization NP Kopaonik. Regulatory and institutional frameworks, internal financing mechanisms for were discussed. purpose research determine possibility improving towards sustai...

INTRODUCTION Adverse progression of autoimmune diseases is linked to the dysregulation of cytokines. In this regard we investigated the role of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), as a potential contributing factor in the development of immune diseases and compared it to estrogens actions since 4-NP may work via estrogen processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study made cytokine level expression changes in U9...

Cognitive abilities rise steeply from infancy to young adulthood and then are either maintained or decline to old age, depending on the specific ability. This pattern suggests corresponding continuities of mechanism and process, but it is striking that the fields of cognitive development and cognitive aging make little contact with each other's methods and theories. In this review we examine re...

We studied the developmental trends of temperament and character in a longitudinal population-based sample of Finnish men and women aged 20-45 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory model of personality. Personality was assessed in 1997, 2001, and 2007 (n = 2,104, 2,095, and 2,056, respectively). Mean-level changes demonstrated qualitatively distinct developmental patterns for char...

We describe gene-environment processes that may help account for individual differences in successful aging. Our emphasis is on successful aging in the cognitive domain, wherein individuals come to use a variety of strategies to cope with changes in cognitive capacities. We focus on the role of executive control in particular and define gene-environment correlation and nonshared environmental m...