Cerebral blood flow disturbance is a major contributor to brain injury in the preterm infant. The initiation of ventilation may be a critical time for cerebral hemodynamic disturbance leading to brain injury in preterm infants, particularly if they are exposed to inflammation in utero. We aimed to determine whether exposure to inflammation in utero alters cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, resulting...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral infarction is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide but has no uniform international definition. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Recent diagnostic advances have revised fundamental concepts in cerebral and cardiac ischemia. Cardiologists, already possessed of a nosologic framework distinguishing myocardial infarction from unstable angina on the basis of tissue st...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The precise mechanism of salt-induced brain injury is unclear. We examined the detailed causative role of angiotensin II and NADPH oxidase in salt-accelerated brain injury of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). METHODS We examined the effect of salt loading on brain reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and apoptosis in SHRSP. Salt-loaded SHRSP ...

Transorbital intracranial penetrating injury is an uncommon mechanism of head injury. These injuries can be occult during the initial clinical presentation. Certain patients develop an intracranial cerebral infection. Herein, we report a 5-year-old child with an occult transorbital intracranial penetrating injury caused by a pen. A retained pen tip was found at the superior orbital roof and was...

genesis of ischemia and reperfusion injury in the myocardium. Recent studies have suggested that a massive Ca influx may occur as a consequence of Na –Ca exchange via the sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) during reperfusion which, in turn, may be caused by an accumulation of Na via the sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHE) during ischemia. This results in an intracellular Ca overload, the detrimental ef...

It is well established that the brain is sensitive to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‑induced injury. α‑lipoic acid (LA), a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, has a neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R‑induced injury, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate whether LA was able to protect against cerebral I/R‑indu...

CASE REPORT We report a patient who, while in a drunken state, sustained a cerebral hemorrhage associated with an apparently trivial eyelid injury after an aggressive attack with a metallic object. DISCUSSION Any apparently trivial eyelid injury may be associated with serious cerebral lesions. Making a correct diagnosis that distinguishes between that of drunkenness and an organic injury is e...

objective(s): some histopathological alterations take place in the ischemic regions following brain ischemia. recent studies have demonstrated some neuroprotective roles of crocin in different models of experimental cerebral ischemia. here, we investigated the probable neuroprotective effects of crocin on the brain infarction and histopathological changes after transient model of focal cerebral...

Electrical injury may result in brain injury with delayed symptoms and sequelae. We report a case of high-voltage cerebral electrical injury in a 42-year-old man through his right hand with delayed symptoms and with imaging abnormalities suggesting that haemorrhage had occurred on the cortical somatosensory areas of his left cerebral hemisphere. An appropriate patient's clinical history should ...

Background. Conventional coronary artery bypass surgery has been associated with cerebral injury attributed to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and surgical manipulation of the ascending aorta. Off-pump coronary artery surgery avoids these factors and could prevent cerebral injury. However, moving the heart from its natural position affects the circulation and could compromise cerebral oxygenation ...