We investigate the dynamics of the carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) frequency, f(CEO), controlled by a pump current on the self-referencing of an optical frequency comb generated from a diode-pumped solid-state laser at 1.56 μm. We observe a reversal point in the tuning of f(CEO) with the pump current. Between the low- and high-frequency region in the dynamic response of f(CEO) to pump current mod...

We measure the carrier envelope offset (CEO) frequency of the mid-infrared frequency comb (wavelength tunable between 3 and 6 μm) from a doubly resonant nondegenerate synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) as a function of the CEO frequency of the Tm-fiber pump laser. We show that the CEO frequency of the SPOPO signal wave is a linear function of the CEO frequency of the pum...

Motivated by concerns that stock-based compensation might lead to excessive risk-taking, this paper examines the relations between CEO incentives and the cost of debt. Unlike prior research, this paper uses the sensitivities of CEO stock and option portfolios to stock price (delta) and stock return volatility (vega) to measure CEO incentives. Higher delta (vega) is predicted to be related to le...

As a direct result of the corporate scandals that started with Enron and led to general unrest in the financial markets, the Securities and Exchange Commission required chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief financial officers of large publicly traded companies to certify their financial statements. Using market signaling theory, we propose that attributes of the CEO send important signals t...

Ba-doped CeO(2) nanowires were obtained from CeO(2) particles through a facile composite-hydroxide-mediated (CHM) route. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The formation process of the product was discussed. Humidity ...

The CeO₂ NPs are increasingly used in industry but the environmental release of these NPs and their subsequent behavior and biological effects are currently unclear. This study evaluates for the first time the effects of CeO₂ NPs on the survival and the swimming performance of two cladoceran species, Daphnia similis and Daphnia pulex after 1, 10 and 100 mg.L⁻¹ CeO₂ exposures for 48 h. Acute tox...

backgrounds and aims: cinnamomum zeylanicum is a medicinal herb used in iranian traditional medicine as an analgesic spice, which its analgesic effect has been experimentally confirmed. thus, this study was conducted to compare the antinociceptive effect of cinnamon essential oil (ceo) with those of morphine and diclofenac in mice. materials and methods: 80 male albino mice were selected and ra...

Objective(s): The application of synthetic antimicrobial and antifungal compounds is reducing in the last decades in the food and nutrition fields owing to their various side effects and increasing interest of consumers to eat natural foodstuffs without artificial constituents. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) has numerous medicinal properties, including analgesic, antiseptic, stimulants, carminativ...