‎let $r$ be a noncommutative prime ring of‎ ‎characteristic different from $2$‎, ‎$u$ the utumi quotient ring of $r$‎, ‎$c$ $(=z(u))$ the extended centroid‎ ‎of $r$‎. ‎let $0neq ain r$ and $f(x_1,ldots,x_n)$ a multilinear‎ ‎polynomial over $c$ which is noncentral valued on $r$‎. ‎suppose‎ ‎that $g$ and $h$ are two nonzero generalized derivations of $r$‎ ‎such that $a(h(f(x))f(x)-f(x)g(f(x)))in ...

Anteroposterior (AP) patterning of the vertebrate neural plate is initiated during gastrulation and is regulated by Spemann's organizer and its derivatives. The prevailing model for AP patterning predicts a caudally increasing gradient of a 'transformer' which posteriorizes anteriorly specified neural cells. However, the molecular identity of the transforming gradient has remained elusive. We s...

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is known to contain estrogen (E)- concentrating neurons. In addition, injections of E into BST have been reported to potentiate the sympathoinhibitory arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. In this study, the effect of GABA-A antagonist receptors, bicuculline methiodide (BMI), in the rostral ven...

materials and methods a total of 228 fecal samples were collected from residents of rural areas of hamadan, west of iran. each fecal sample was divided into two parts, one kept frozen at -20˚c for ag-capture elisa and the other in 10% formalin for the ap staining method. cryptosporidium ag-detection elisa procedure was performed according to the manual of the manufacturer. the preserved samples...

background infections caused by shigella are a major cause of diarrheal disease in the developing and developed countries. the present study was conducted to apply and evaluate arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) for investigation of genetic relatedness among the strains of shigella sonnei isolated from cases of acute diarrhea in tehran. patients and methods totally, 60 s. sonnei strains isolated f...

It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in the central nervous system as well as in vascular endothelial cells. However, the physiological role of NO in cardiovascular regulation by the central nervous system remains unclear. This objective of this study was to examine the possibility that NO plays a role in neural transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and thus co...

Citation: Kanive PE, Rotella JJ, Jorgensen SJ, Chapple TK, Anderson SD, Klimley AP and Block BA (2015) Estimating apparent survival of sub-adult and adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in central California using mark-recapture methods. Front. Mar. Sci. 2:19. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2015.00019 Estimating apparent survival of sub-adult and adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in centra...

The mechanism and route whereby glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as GLP-1 and exendin-4 (Ex-4), access the central nervous system (CNS) to exert their metabolic effects have yet to be clarified. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the potential role of two circumventricular organs (CVOs), the area postrema (AP) and the subfornical organ (SFO), in...

GABAergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) are driven by baroreceptor inputs relayed via the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and they inhibit neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla to reduce SNA and AP. After arterial baroreceptor denervation or lesions of the NTS, inhibition of the CVLM continues to increase AP, suggesting additional inputs also tonically activate the CVL...