Background. Long-term extensive use of glucocorticoids will lead to hormonal necrosis the femoral head, and osteoblasts play an important role in prevention osteonecrosis. However, there is no complete cure for head. Mesenchymal stem cell- (MSCs-) derived exosomes are widely used repair various tissue lesions. Therefore, aim this study was investigate mechanism dexamethasone- (DEX-) induced ost...

Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) involvement remains a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, we identify CD79a (also known as Ig?), signaling component preB cell receptor (preBCR), to be associated with CNS-infiltration –relapse B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL patients. Furthermore, show that downregulation hampers engraftment cells diffe...

introduction  insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) which is produced in abundance in the normal adult liver, is deeply involved in hepatocyte survival, growth, and differentiation during liver development. igf-i plays the roles via the receptor (igf-ir) signaling pathway. igf-ir unlike igf-i is expressed strongly in the developing liver, but much more weakly in adults. objective:  we hypothesiz...

background: the canonical wnt signal transduction (or the wnt/β-catenin pathway) plays a crucial role in the development of animals and in carcinogenesis. beta-catenin is the central component of this signaling pathway. the activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling results in the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. in the nucleus, β-catenin interacts with the tcf/lef transcription fa...

introduction: repetitive cortical spreading depression (csd) can lead to cell death in immature brain tissue. caspases are involved in neuronal cell death in several csd-related neurological disorders. yet, whether repetitive csd itself can induce caspase activation in adult or juvenile tissue remains unknown. inducing repetitive csd in somatosensory cortices of juvenile and adult rats in vivo,...

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a gene regulated phenomenon which is important in both physiological and pathological conditions. It is characterized by distinct morphological features including chromatin condensation, cell and nuclear shrinkage, membrane blebbing and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Although, two major apoptotic pathways including 1) the death receptor (extrinsic) and...

The present study was designed to investigate the in-vitro morphological assessment of apoptotic effect caused by nimbolide on the selected cancer cell lines (DU-145, PC-3, A-549) and normal cell lines (NIH3T3, CCD-18Co). The cells were grown in 6 well tissue culture plates after treatment with different concentrations of nimbolide and untreated control cells. Apoptotic and necrotic ce...

objective: basal cell carcinoma (bcc) is the most common human malignant neoplasm which is more frequent in white individuals. ptch and p53 are two major tumor suppressor genes which play important roles in pathogenesis of bcc. ptch is a twelve-pass transmembrane protein. it is an essential component of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway that plays as a receiving receptor for members of the h...

Objective(s): Chemotherapies used to treat colon cancer might often fail due to the emergence of chemoresistance and side effects. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a beneficial probiotic, whose molecular mechanisms in the prevention of colon cancer are yet to be fully understood. The present study assessed the anti-cancer effects of EcN treatments in human colorec...