Stimulus-like properties of the 2f1-f2 cubic difference tone (CDT) were examined by determining whether a binaural masking-level difference (BMLD) could be obtained for a 500-Hz physical tone to one ear and a CDT of the same frequency to the other ear. Masked thresholds for the physical tone (signal) were obtained as the phase of this tone varied through 360 degrees relative to harmonically rel...

OBJECTIVES Clostridium difficile produces toxins and is an aetiological organism of pseudomembranous colitis. Immunoglobulin is one of the treatment strategies against fulminant C. difficile infections, but the clinical evidence is still limited. We examined the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in C. difficile toxin (CDT)-mediated lethality and cellular injury in mice. METHODS Mi...

Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) provide a non-perturbative formulation of Quantum Gravity assuming the existence of a global time foliation. In our earlier study we analyzed the effect of including d copies of a massless scalar field in the two-dimensional CDT model with imaginary time. For d > 1 we observed the formation of a “blob”, somewhat similar to that observed in four-dimensional ...

Despite the wide use of clock drawing tests (CDTs) for screening cognitive impairment, their use in patients having Parkinson disease (PD) with dementia has not been systematically investigated until date. In this cross-sectional study, neurological and neuropsychiatric statuses of 1449 outpatients having PD with and without dementia were comprehensively assessed. The CDT revealed cognitive imp...

Binary toxin (CDT) is frequently observed in Clostridium difficile strains associated with increased severity of C. difficile infection (CDI). CDT belongs to the family of binary ADP-ribosylating toxins consisting of two separate toxin components: CDTa, the enzymatic ADP-ribosyltransferase which modifies actin, and CDTb which binds to host cells and translocates CDTa into the cytosol. CDTb is a...

Early detection of cognitive impairment can prevent or delay the progress of cognitive dysfunction. In the field of neurology, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is one of the most popular instruments for detecting cognitive impairment in the elderly. In this paper, we present our preliminary study in developing the ClockReader System, a computerized sketch-based screening tool, based on the human ce...

Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OPN) is commonly associated with peripheral hypersensitivity to cold sensations (CS) but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a putative cold and menthol receptor, contributes to oxaliplatin cold hypersensitivity. To determine whether the TRPM8 is involved in acute OPN, varying concent...

Objectives. To study the utility of the Mini-Cog test for detection of patients with cognitive impairment (CI) in primary care (PC). Methods. We pooled data from two phase III studies conducted in Spain. Patients with complaints or suspicion of CI were consecutively recruited by PC physicians. The cognitive diagnosis was performed by an expert neurologist, after formal neuropsychological evalua...

BACKGROUND This study examined the use of the Folstein Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) in predicting retrospective reports of driving problems among the elderly. The utility of existing scoring systems for the CDT was also examined. METHODS Archival chart records of 325 patients of a geriatric outpatient clinic were reviewed, of which 162 had CDT results (inclu...