Valpha14 NKT cells produce large amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-4 upon recognition of their specific ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) by their invariant TCR. We show here that NKT cells constitutively express CD28, and that blockade of CD28-CD80/CD86 interactions by anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 mAbs inhibits the alpha-GalCer-induced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by splenic Valpha14 NKT ce...

Phenotypically "immature" dendritic cells (DCs), defined by low cell surface CD40, CD80, and CD86 can elicit host immune suppression in allotransplantation and autoimmunity. Herein, we report the most direct means of achieving phenotypic immaturity in NOD bone marrow-derived DCs aiming at preventing diabetes in syngeneic recipients. CD40, CD80, and CD86 cell surface molecules were specifically ...

A monolayer of pigment epithelium (PE) lines the iris PE (IPE), ciliary body PE, and retina PE of the inner eye, an immune-privileged site. These neural crest-derived epithelial cells participate in ocular immune privilege through poorly defined molecular mechanisms. Murine PE cells cultured from different ocular tissues suppress T cell activation by differing mechanisms. In particular, IPE cel...

INTRODUCTION The concept of costimulation has changed the way of understanding how T cells recognise and respond to antigens . The current model of T cell activation requires two signals: Signal 1: It is only an initiation event. It requires T cell receptor recognition and binding to antigen presented by antigen presenting cells. However this signal alone is necessary but not sufficient to indu...

DNA vaccines are ideally suited for immunizing against tumor antigens because constructs can be formulated that not only encode the tumor antigen but also encode molecules chosen to improve the ability to elicit an antitumor response. Ligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells associated with stimulating a robust T-cell response are excellent candidates for inclusion in a DNA vaccine. Mice t...

In the process of developing a cancer immunotherapy strategy, we have identified and characterized a novel intracellular reservoir of CD86 protein in peripheral blood monocytes. This observation emerged from studies aimed at using retrovirus vectors to genetically modify tumor cells to express the costimulatory proteins CD80 and CD86. Retrovirus-mediated expression of CD80 and CD86 in T lymphob...

The use of nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery could reduce the toxicity and side effects but, uptake these nanocarriers induce adverse on cells tissues after their incorporation. Macrophages play a central role in host defense are responsible vivo nanoparticle trafficking. Assessment capacity against pathogenic micro-organisms uptake, is necessary to prevent infections associated wit...

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce pathogen-specific T cell responses. We comprehensively studied the effects of addition of maturation stimulus, fibroblasts (fibroblast conditioned medium), PHA activated T cells (T cell conditioned medium), and mixture of fibroblast & PHA activated T cells (FCM-TCCM) conditioned media on maturation of DCs. Monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for five days. ...