Objective To identify serum proteins associated with MS and affected by interferon beta treatment. Methods Plasma samples from 29 untreated relapsing-remitting patients 15 healthy controls were investigated a multiplexed panel containing 92 related to inflammation. Follow-up available 13 at 1 3 months after initiation of treatment beta-1a. Results Ten differentially expressed in patients. Five ...

Chemokines are involved in neuroinflammation and activate cells of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as leukocytes. Astrocytes are a primary source of chemokines in the brain. In addition, astrocytes also express chemokine receptors. Although, it is known that CCL2 induces several effects in astrocytes, the expression of its' primary receptor CCR2 is controversial. Recent evidence strong...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease that results from the interplay between environmental factors and a susceptible genetic background. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Chemokines, such as CCL2, are involved in the development of EAE. We have previously shown that thiamine defic...

The monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL2 is crucial for monocyte and T cell recruitment from the vascular to the extravascular compartment at sites of inflammation. CCL2 is expressed in human lupus nephritis and was shown to mediate experimental lupus; therefore, CCL2 antagonists may be beneficial for therapy. This study describes the l-enantiomeric RNA oligonucleotide mNOX-E36, a so-called Sp...

Mortality associated with breast cancer is attributable to aggressive metastasis, to which TNFα plays a central orchestrating role. TNFα acts on breast tumor TNF receptors evoking the release of chemotactic proteins (e.g. MCP-1/CCL2). These proteins direct inward infiltration/migration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells ...

Invasive aspergillosis is a severe pneumonia that is usually fatal despite currently available therapy. The disease disproportionately afflicts immunocompromised patients, indicating the critical importance of the immune status of the host in this infection, but the defense mechanisms against this pathogen remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we hypothesized that the chemokine ...

Results. The frequencies of TT genotype and T allele of CCL2-2518C/T gene polymorphism and CC genotype and C allele of VEGF-634G/C gene polymorphism were significantly high in HSP children (p-values = 0.005 and = 0.007 respectively). Interestingly, studying the joint interaction of these 2 genotypes (CC genotype of VEGF G-634C and TT genotype of CCL2 C-2518T) in this cohort showed a more signif...

BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic that is impacting children around the world. Obesity is a chronic inflammatory state with enhanced production of multiple cytokines and chemokines. Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) is produced by immune and metabolic cells and attracts immune cells into liver, muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in initiation and propagation of the inflammatory resp...

PURPOSE Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making the identification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines are associated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative and early postoperat...

In many aggressive cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme, progression is enabled by local immunosuppression driven by the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the mechanistic details of how Tregs and MDSCs are recruited in various tumors are not yet well understood. Here we report that macrophages and microglia within the glioma micr...