We calculate the decay constant ratios fηc/fJ/ψ and fηb/fΥ. In the calculation we take into account the mock meson structures of the mesons, as well as the difference of the wave functions at origin of the vector and pseudoscalar mesons studied by Ahmady and Mendel. We find that the different spin structures of the mesons much affect the ratios. We incorporate our results in the prediction of t...

In this paper we will generalize  some of known results on the tight closure of an ideal to the tight closure of an ideal relative to a module .

$!!!!$ In this paper, the notion of fuzzy $!$ Krasner $!(m, n)$-hyperrings($!F^{(m, n)}!$-hyperrings) by using the notion of$F^m$-hyperoperations and $F^n$-operations is introduced and somerelated properties are investigated. In this regards,relationships between Krasner $F^{(m, n)}$-hyperrings and Krasner$(m, n)$-hyperrings are considered. We shall prove that everyKrasner $F^{(m, n)}$-hyperrin...

In this continuation of a series of our earlier papers, we define a hypersurface h(x, t) = 0 in terms of the unknown vector x, and a monotonically increasing function Q(t) of a time-like variable t, to solve a system of nonlinear algebraic equations F(x) = 0. If R is a vector related to ∂h/∂x, we consider the evolution equation ẋ = λ [αR+βP], where P = F−R(F ·R)/‖R‖2 such that P ·R = 0; or ẋ = ...