Cavities formed using cyclic tetrapeptides (CTPs) or heat-induced conformers act as templates for cyclization; the cavities bind to linear tetrapeptides and enforce turn conformations to enhance cyclization to constrained CTPs.

Internal cavities are important elements in protein structure, dynamics, stability and function. Here we use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the binding of molecular oxygen (O2) to cavities in a well-studied model for ligand binding, the L99A mutant of T4 lysozyme. On increasing the O2 concentration to 8.9 mM, changes in (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C chemical shifts and signal broadening were observed...

The temperature stability of optical reference cavities is significant in state-of-the-art ultra-stable narrow-linewidth laser systems. In this paper, the thermal time constant and thermal sensitivity of reference cavities are analyzed when reference cavities respond to environmental perturbations via heat transfer of thermal conduction and thermal radiation separately. The analysis as well as ...

The hypopharyngeal cavities constitute a bottom part of the vocal tract near the larynx consisting of the supraglottic laryngeal cavity and the bilateral cavities of the piriform fossa. Visualization of those cavities with custom magnetic resonance imaging techniques reveals that during speech the laryngeal cavity takes a form of a long-neck flask and the piriform fossa a goblet of varying shap...

This in vitro study evaluated the marginal gap at the composite tooth/resin interface in class V cavities under the influence of two insertion techniques and a curing system by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Forty enamel and dentin cavities were prepared on the buccal surface in bovine teeth with quadratic forms measuring 2 mm × 2 mm and depth of 1.5 mm. The teeth were then divided int...

OBJECTIVE To assess microleakage in conservative class V cavities prepared with aluminum-oxide air abrasion or turbine and restored with self-etching or etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty premolars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (I and II: air abrasion; III and IV: turbine) and class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces. Conditioning approaches were: g...

To realize a broadband, large-line-spacing astro-comb, suitable for wavelength calibration of astrophysical spectrographs, from a narrowband, femtosecond laser frequency comb ("source-comb"), one must integrate the source-comb with three additional components: (1) one or more filter cavities to multiply the source-comb's repetition rate and thus line spacing; (2) power amplifiers to boost the p...

The highly disturbed hot gas in elliptical galaxies, as revealed in many Chandra X-ray images, implies a source of energy in the galactic nucleus. In some elliptical galaxies faint X-ray “ghost” cavities appear without corresponding radio lobes. It has been suggested that ghost cavities are caused by short-lived activity with a timescale of ∼ 103 − 104 years, but this is difficult to understand...

The design of the proposed linear collider TESLA is based on 9-cell 1.3 GHz superconducting niobium cavities, operated in pulsed mode [1]. Within the framework of an international collaboration the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) has been set up at DESY, providing the infrastructure for cavity R&D towards higher gradients [2]. More than 60 ninecell cavities were tested, accelerating gradients as high...

In vitro degranulation of rat mast cells was studied at different intervals ranging from 10 to 60 sec after adding the histamine liberator, compound 48/80 (0.4 microg/ml, 17 degrees C). The ultrastructural changes were followed by electron microscopy, and parallel assays were made to determine the histamine released. In addition, the extracellular tracers lanthanum and hemoglobin (demonstrated ...