abstract background: the cosmetic result of the surgical scar has long been considered by surgeons as an important factor for patient satisfaction. on the other hand, there has been an old teaching that perfect closure of contaminated wounds increases the rate of infection. we decided to look into this matter and see if this is a fact or a myth. methods: in this prospective randomized study con...

statement of problem: a recent technique (mbt) has been introduced for easy and efficient orthodontic treatment by means of straight wire fixed appliances. although this technique has many advantages, in space closure stage causes up righting problem in upper incisors, which should be adjusted by applying additional torque in anterior region. purpose: the purpose of this clinical trial was to d...

the present article focuses on the evaluation of a first-moment closure model applicable to film cooling flow and heat transfer computations. the present first-moment closure model consists of a higher level of turbulent heat flux modeling in which two additional transport equations for temperature variance kθ and its dissipation rate εθ are considered. it not only employs a time scale that is ...

oral feeding difficulties are common in children with cerebral palsy (cp). the effect of oral-motor dysfunction on feeding problems has been proved in several studies. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral sensorimotor stimulations on feeding performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy. a total of 12 children with spastic cerebral palsy underwent 24 session...

See related article, pages 3222–3230. Since the introduction of noninvasive imaging tools roughly 30 years ago, vascular malformations of the brain have attracted increasing interest. Among them, cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) appear to be the most frequently diagnosed entity with current prevalence estimates ranging from 100 to 500 cases per 100 000 in the general population.1 They may...

The oldest known spatially-explicit archaeological excavation, conducted in Brixham cave, Devon, in 1858, is reconstructed using geographic information systems technology. Two dimensional plots of individual fossil taxa and flint artefacts demonstrate the utility of the technique for elucidating taphonomy and palaeobiology.The cave served as a den for hibernating brown bears, as a den for hyena...

We develop a duality for operations on nested pairs of modules that generalizes the between absolute interior and residual closure from [5], extending our previous results to expanded context. apply this in particular integral basically full closures their respective cores obtain empty interiors hulls. also dualize some known formulas core an ideal hull submodule injective residue field. The ar...

We propose a conceptual and formal characterisation of biological organisation as a closure of constraints. We first establish a distinction between two causal regimes at work in biological systems: processes, which refer to the whole set of changes occurring in non-equilibrium open thermodynamic conditions; and constraints, those entities which, while acting upon the processes, exhibit some fo...

Global shipping activity emits significant amounts of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions, estimated to be around 2-3% total global emissions. Studies have been made for hydrogen refuelling hubs in the Pacific area, container ships, that are worst polluting sources oceans. The present paper will show an idea creating such using salt cavern storage Black Sea, and also other offshore places where geol...