This study provides a product network-based analysis of the impact Russia–Ukraine war on economy third countries. While recent studies based input–output data already revealed several economic consequences conflict, our approach allows for more detail regarding geographical coverage and heterogeneity affected products. The method also decomposition exposures country-by-country basis. After iden...

The consumption of animal-sourced food products by humans is one of the most powerful negative forces affecting the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and biological diversity. Livestock production is the single largest driver of habitat loss, and both livestock and feedstock production are increasing in developing tropical countries where the majority of biological diversity resides. Bushm...

dust pollution has become a serious environmental problem especially in recent decades. the present study aim was the investigation of the levels of pm10 concentration in kermanshah, western iran and also measured five important heavy metals (pb, cd, as, hg and cr) in some samples during 2005 to 2011.a total 2277 samples were collected from air pollution measurement station belonging to the dep...

The recent development of the telecommunication industries that form the " info structure " environment has enhanced economic activity through improved information technology (IT). IT could enlarge the volume of information flow, which accelerates productivity, but its impact on international trade has not been tested. The main objective of this thesis is to estimate the relationship between te...

The policy instruments for emissions reductions will be an integral part of a PostKyoto Climate Regime. Using the CGE model DART, we compare a harmonized international carbon tax to a cap-and-trade system with different emission caps. The carbon tax tends to favor industrialized countries while e.g. emissions trading under the “contraction and convergence” approach with converging per capita em...

Using firm-level data across 80 developing and transition economies, we explore the productivity differences between firms depending on their export status gender composition of leadership. We find that for small- medium-sized where leaders are arguably involved in ‘on ground’ activities, female-led exporters have an exporter premium three times comparable male firms. This suggests they face gr...