Podocyte loss is a central mediator of glomerular sclerosis. Because podocytes are terminally differentiated cells that lack the potential to proliferate, they are particularly vulnerable to attrition in response to critical levels of cell stress, leading to detachment, necrosis, or apoptosis. Just how much podocyte loss is necessary to generate an initial sclerotic lesion and whether injury ca...

Internet worms, or malicious programs that spread autonomously from computer to computer, have become a problem at the forefront of computer security concerns in recent years. Several different approaches to the problem provide partial solutions, but the general problem of detecting when a worm has entered a network has not been solved. In this paper, we apply machine learning techniques to the...

154 Prion 2008; Vol. 2 Issue 4 Biomaterials, having evolved over millions of years, often exceed man-made materials in their properties. Spider silk is one outstanding fibrous biomaterial which consists almost entirely of large proteins. Silk fibers have tensile strengths comparable to steel and some silks are nearly as elastic as rubber on a weight to weight basis. In combining these two prope...

century, a new era that will be far more scientific, technologic, and sophisticated than anyone would have imagined just a quarter of a century ago. However, the continued success in all areas of pharmaceutical science will depend entirely on how fast pharmaceutical scientists will adapt to rapidly changing technology. Almost 10 years ago, a survey by Shangraw and Demarest revealed a very inter...

The 2009 ICFP programming contest problem required contestants to control virtual satellites that obey basic physical laws. The orbital physics behavior of the system was simulated via a binary provided to contestants which ran on top of a simple virtual machine. Contestants were required to implement the virtual machine along with a controller program to manipulate the satellite’s behavior. In...