Structural changes of a variety of different SnO, SnO2 and GeO2 catalysts upon reduction in hydrogen were correlated with associated catalytic changes in methanol steam reforming. Studied systems include SnO, SnO2 and GeO2 thin film model catalysts prepared by vapour phase deposition and growth on polycrystalline NaCl surfaces and, for comparison, the corresponding pure oxide powder catalysts. ...

Two-dimensional pristine M2X MXenes are proposed as highly active catalytic materials for carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas conversion into monoxide (CO) on the basis of a multiscale modeling approach, coupling calculations carried out in framework density functional theory and newly developed kinetic phase diagrams. The extremely facile CO2 CO leaves MXene surfaces partially covered by atomi...

Operating the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) in afterburning conditions can increase regenerator temperatures above metallurgical design leading to mechanical failures of cyclones and plenum chamber. This paper presents methodology applied a commercial FCCU investigate causes technical solutions that be implemented reduce afterburning. Thus, by evaluating temperature profile, as-build des...

Industrial-scale reforming of methane is typically carried out with an excess oxidant to suppress coking the catalyst. On other hand, many academic studies on dry employ a CO2/CH4 ratio unity quickly observe which can be reduced by adding catalyst promoter. In this work, Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were tested for (CO2/CH4=1) additional regeneration steps test resistance against oxidation treatment. The...

Alkylation of isobutane and 2-butene was carried out in a continuous unit using triethylamine hydrochloride (Et3NHCl)-aluminum chloride (AlCl3) ionic liquid (IL) as catalyst. The effects of impurities such as water, methanol, and diethyl ether on the stability of the catalytic properties and deactivation of the ionic liquid were studied in the continuous alkylation. In the Et3NHCl-2AlCl3 ionic ...

In a novel dual bed reactor Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was studied by using two diffrent cobalt catalysts. An alkali-promoted cobalt catalyst was used in the first bed of a fixed-bed reactor followed by a Rutenuim promoted cobalt catalyst in the second bed. The activity, product selectivity and accelerated deactivation of the system were assessed and compared with a conventional single bed r...

Lean NOx traps are an important concept for reducing NOx in lean exhausts from diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines. A global kinetic model has been developed in this work that can describe the NOx emissions after the catalyst. The model is based on flow reactor experiments using a model Pt/Rh/BaO/Al2O3 catalyst. The objective with the model was to use global kinetics to facilitate rap...

Mesoporous alumina with narrow pore size distribution centered in the range of 4.4-5.0 nm and with a specific surface area as high as 270 m²·g-1 was prepared via the nanocasting approach using a CMK-3 carbon replica as a hard template. Based on this support, a series of catalysts containing 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt % of chromium was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, characterized, and s...

A simple and efficient synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl substituted pyrimidines has been developed via initial Knoevenagal, subsequent addition and final cyclization of aldehyde, ethylcyanoacetate and guanidine nitrate. Piperidine has been used as a catalyst. Short reaction time, environment friendly procedure and excellent yields are the advantages of this procedure. All synthesized compounds ...