The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in membrane surface properties and solute separation by a nanofiltration membrane during repetitive membrane fouling and chemical cleaning. Secondary treated effluent and model fouling solutions containing humic acids, sodium alginate, or silica colloids were used to simulate membrane fouling. Chemical cleaning was carried out using a commercial...

Tar in the product gas of biomass gasifiers reduces efficiency gasification processes and causes fouling system components pipework. Therefore, an efficient tar conversion is a key step effective reliable syngas production. One most promising approaches catalytic decomposition species combined with hot cleaning. The catalyst must be able to convert synthesis at temperatures around 700 °C downst...

The objective of this project was to develop and apply fundamentally based experimental andcomputational methodologies that can lead to the design of improved supercritical fuel/catalyst/heatexchanger systems for cooling hypersonic vehicles. This project was a multi-team effort involvingresearchers at the University of Delaware, United Technologies Research Center, and the Colorado<...

Environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels and increase in energy demands due to rise population rapid industrialisation, are driving forces for energy. Catalytic conversion biomass renewable energies is among promising approaches materialize above. This requires development robust catalysts suppress deactivation carbon deposition agglomeration. In this work, surface propert...

Fouling is a common, fundamental and costly problem in heat transfer systems, which reduces thermal efficiency of equipment, increases the energy loss and causes strong damage to the heat transfer equipment in various industries. The main causes of fouling on the heat transfer surfaces are salts with inverse temperature-solubility in the fluid which calcium sulfate is one of the most important ...

One of the barriers during whey filtration using UF membrane is the fouling phenomenon of the membrane, which is caused by whey proteins. In this work, the UF membranes were prepared using polysufone (PSf), dimethyl formamide (DMF), 1 wt.% poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and different concentrations of LiCl via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation. The prepared membranes were charact...

The high rate of population growth in developing countries is expected to cause a severe fresh-water shortage in the forthcoming years with potential devastating consequences. A major obstacle in the establishment of water-purification systems in such areas is the operational cost due to high operational energy demands. Also, the more energy that is consumed, the higher air pollution intensity ...

This paper presents the principle, fabricated structure, characterization and results obtained for a new class of surfaces—“hydrophobic non-fouling surfaces”—for droplet-based microfluidics. Building on the theory of wetting of rough surfaces, we have developed novel surfaces which are chemically hydrophilic, i.e., the droplet is in contact with a non-fouling hydrophilic material but exhibits h...