The concept of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) refers to the difference between fair value and historical assets, resulting from applying principles in financial statement preparation. Despite being unrealized income, it affects equity, some its items have a real potential be realized coming period. Previous research has mainly studied effect income (net income) on dividends, while impact espe...

We characterize the joint dynamics of expected returns, stochastic volatility, and prices. In particular, with a given dividend process, one of the processes of the expected return, the stock volatility, or the price-dividend ratio fully determines the other two. For example, the stock volatility determines the expected return and the price-dividend ratio. By parameterizing one, or more, of exp...

In this research, we have worked toward two main objectives. Firstly, upon the measures of long-term and short-term investments, lastly, checked whether dividend payout small fifty big firms is indifferent or not regarding free cash flow. For sample size took was all listed companies in KSE 100 Index Pakistan Stock Exchange; further, divided them into financial non-financial did our testing onl...

Financial risk management is considered by researchers as a yard stick for determining failure or success of financial institution. It has not been given much attention in recent times. This research work sought to bring light the need institutions pay risk. obvious that aim every business maximize shareholders wealth and acquire substantial profit either expansion undertake new product develop...