A generalization of both the hierarchical product and the Cartesian product of graphs is introduced and some of its properties are studied. We call it the generalized hierarchical product. In fact, the obtained graphs turn out to be subgraphs of the Cartesian product of the corresponding factors. Thus, some well-known properties of this product, such as a good connectivity, reduced mean distanc...

The conventional binary operations of cartesian product, conjunction, and composition of two digraphs D, and D2 are observed to give the sum, the product, md a more complicated combination of the spectra of D1 and Dz as the resulting spectrum. These formulas for analyzing the spectrum of a digraph are utilized to construct for any positive integer PI, a collection of n nonisomorphic strung regu...

This paper aims to establish theoretical foundations of graph product multilayer networks (GPMNs), a family of multilayer networks that can be obtained as a graph product of two or more factor networks. Cartesian, direct (tensor), and strong product operators are considered, and then generalized. We first describe mathematical relationships between GPMNs and their factor networks regarding thei...

Let G be a graph. The first Zagreb polynomial M1(G, x) and the third Zagreb polynomial M3(G, x) of the graph G are defined as:     ( ) ( , ) [ ] e uv E G G x x d(u) + d(v) M1 , ( , )  euvE(G) G x x|d(u) - d(v)| M3 . In this paper, we compute the first and third Zagreb polynomials of Cartesian product of two graphs and a type of dendrimers.

Let H be a bipartite graph and let Gn be the Mycielski graph with χ(G) = n, n ≥ 4. Then the chromatic number of the strong product of Gn by H is at most 2n− 2. We use this result to show that there exist strong products of graphs in which a projection of a retract onto a factor is not a retract of the factor. We also show that in the Cartesian product of graphs G and H, any triangles of G trans...

In this paper we reconstruct nontrivial connected Cartesian product graphs from single vertex deleted subgraphs. We show that all one-vertex extensions of a given connected graph H, nite or innnite, to a nontrivial Cartesian product are isomorphic.

Explicit expressions of the restricted edge connectivity of the Cartesian product of regular graphs are presented; some sufficient conditions for regular Cartesian product graphs to be maximally or super restricted edge connected are obtained as a result.

In this paper, the exact formulae for the generalized degree distance, degree distance and reciprocal degree distance of strong product of a connected and the complete multipartite graph with partite sets of sizes m0, m1, . . . , mr&minus1 are obtained. Using the results obtained here, the formulae for the degree distance and reciprocal degree distance of the closed and open fence graphs are co...

Given a graph G, a dominating set D is a set of vertices such that any vertex not in D has at least one neighbor in D. A {k}-dominating multiset Dk is a multiset of vertices such that any vertex in G has at least k vertices from its closed neighborhood in Dk when counted with multiplicity. In this paper, we utilize the approach developed by Clark and Suen (2000) to prove a ‘‘Vizing-like’’ inequ...