conclusions the study showed that the costs associated with cardiovascular diseases were not reasonable for many of these patients and their families. this certainly requires more consideration by managers and policy makers in the health care sector and the implementation of effective interventions. results the study findings showed that the total cost of cardiovascular diseases was 13,074,700 ...

background: coronary artery diseases are one of the most important issues in health and social problems. one of the amendable risk factors in development of these diseases is high cholesterol which can be modified through correction of lifestyle (diet change, playing sports, and usage of lipid‑lowering drugs). patients’ compliance to therapeutic programs is the most important element to achieve...

although primary chronic hypertension (htn) is increasingly common in adolescence, secondary forms of htn are more common among children. primary htn is associated with being overweight and/or a positive family history of htn. carotid intima-media thickness, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis is frequent in both adults and children with htn and other associated cardiovascular (cv) risk fac...

there is a definite correlation between cardiovascular diseases and depressive disorders. nevertheless, many aspects of this association have yet to be fully elucidated. up to half of coronary artery disease patients are liable to suffer from some depressive symptoms, with approximately 20% receiving a diagnosis of major depressive disorders. pharmacotherapy is a key factor in the management of...

studies have shown that some personal characteristics such as perfectionism are associated with cardiovascular diseases. hence, this study was designed with the aim of doing a comparative evaluation of perfectionism in coronary heart disease patients and healthy individuals referred to shahid faghihi hospital in shiraz.   materials and methods: this is a case-control study carried out on 80 car...

abstract background: vitamin d deficiency is implicated in a wide range of pathological situations including cardiovascular diseases. this study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin d (25(oh)d) and risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. methods: the cross-sectional study was conducted on 169 adults (88 males, 81 females) aged 19-52 years...

background: the incidence of restenosis in patients suffering from coronary artery disease after undergoing angioplasty is of paramount importance. accordingly, this study aimed to investigate factors affecting the time of the first incidence of restenosis in patients undergone angioplasty in the city of zanjan, iran.   methods: this retrospective cohort study was conducted on 421 patients who ...

the worldwide prevalence of insulin resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome has grown rapidly over the past few decades. the metabolic syndrome is a constellation of common metabolic disorders that promote the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. studies in both human and animal models suggest that hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance are key initiating fact...

introduction: cardiovascular disease is one of the greatest widespread disease and the prevalence of it is increasing worldwide. our understanding of the role of psychological factors in the incidence of the cardiovascular system has rapidly increased in the past few years. the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cardiovascular disease specific psychotherapy [csp] on the...

conclusions although older patients need more self-care and the quality of this self-care originates from their attitude toward cvd risk factors, their lack of awareness about the main risk factor of their condition is a major challenge for secondary prevention measures. in addition, younger patients’ significant emphasis on biological risk factors as uncorrectable factors can reduce their sens...