Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and chronic infections that are associated with a chronic inflammatory state, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death in patients with these d...

Magnesium, the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, is involved in several essential physiological, biochemical, and cellular processes regulating cardiovascular function. It plays a critical role in modulating vascular smooth muscle tone, endothelial cell function, and myocardial excitability and is thus central to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular disorders such as hyperten...

Patients with cardiovascular disease have an array of haemostasis disorders that predispose to the development of thrombotic and embolic disease states. These patients are often maintained on anti-thrombotic medication to prevent adverse cardiovascular events. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery also have haemostatic disorders that include their intrinsic disease state, adjunctive medication, a...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle present in most eukaryotic cells and plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism. ER dysfunction, specifically ER stress (ERS), is a pathophysiological response involved in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular lesions. Therefore, suppression of ERS may improve lipid metabolic disorders and reduce cardiovascular risk. Herein, we focus on novel breakthro...

Objectives: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation is a well known risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can give a valuable window into the ANS function being implicated in various medical diseases. But HRV analysis is not well established although psychiatric research fi ndings have shown considerable association of psychopathology with card...

The relationship of our emotions and psyche to heart disease is intriguing. In this article we have reviewed the evidence linking cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders and the possible mechanisms and pathophysiology of this association. This review is derived from Medline searches (1966-2002) using the relevant search terms (psychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxie...

Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia receive psychiatric medications for many years, and their comorbid profile in old age remains unclear. Moreover, their pattern of non-psychiatric medicine use is of importance. Rehabilitation is crucial in patients with schizophrenia because it improves their strengths and life skills to live independently. These issues are essential in terms of polypharm...

Circadian variations are observed in many physiological processes, and alterations in these oscillations are closely linked to mood disorders, metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications. The nuclear receptor Rev-erba is a crucial component of the clock mechanism. It is an important metabolic regulator and a target for lithium, a drug used in the treatment of bipolar disorders. The...

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Sleep disordered breathing has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. In pregnancy, sleep disordered breathing has also been linked to pathologic disorders that have been associated with long term cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes such as gestational hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes mellitus. Endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic stimulation ...