Graphene oxide is a hydrophilic derivative of graphene to which biological macromolecules readily attach, with properties superior to those of amorphous carbon films commonly used in electron microscopy. The single-layered crystalline lattice of carbon is highly electron transparent, and exhibits conductivity higher than amorphous carbon. Hence, graphene oxide is a particularly promising substr...

In this article, we consider the growth of microorganisms on mixtures of carbon sources and characterize the consumer-resource relationship for this system. The characteristic features observed for the growth of a single microorganism on a pair of carbon sources allow a representation of this relationship based on a general paradigm for resource classification. This representation is verified u...

Gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase catalyzes the oxygenolytic ring cleavage of gentisate (2,5-dihydroxybenzoate) between carbons 1 and 2 to form maleylpyruvate. The essential active site Fe2+ of the enzyme binds NO to yield an EPR-active (S = 3/2) complex. Hyperfine broadening from 17O (I = 5/2) is observed in the spectrum of the enzyme-nitrosyl complex prepared in 17O-enriched water, demonstrating that...

A novel method for the direct fabrication of arrays of micropatterned polymeric and carbon nanofiber structures on any substrate is developed. First SU-8, an epoxy-based negative photoresist, is electrospun under optimized conditions to produce a layer of polymeric nanofibers. Next, this nanofibrous mat is micropatterned using photolithography, and finally, pyrolysis produces ordered arrays of ...

The authors present scanning transmission electron microscopy STEM of carbon nanofibers CNFs on a bulk substrate using conventional scanning electron microscopy SEM without specimen thinning. By utilizing the electron beam tilted 85° from the substrate normal, bright-field STEM contrast is obtained for the CNFs on substrate with conventional SEM. Analysis of the observed contrast using Monte Ca...

In Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (JFIL), ambient gas is trapped between the resist, substrate mold. The volume of estimated about 9.7 ~ 21.5% resist volume. It takes time for bubbles to disappear in closed space. By using carbon dioxide as atmospheric applying an organic layer such Spin on Carbon (SOC) top surface substrate, it proposed by theoretical calculation that disappearance shortene...

Enzyme-based biofuel cells (EBFCs) are systems that use a variety of organic compounds to produce electricity through oxido-reductase enzymes, such as oxidase or dehydrogenase as biocatalysts immobilized on electrodes. In this study, a single-chamber EBFC consisting of carbon electrodes that operating at ambient temperature in phosphate buffer, pH 7 is reported. The EBFC anode was based on gluc...