Designing an emissions trading scheme requires in-depth knowledge about several aspects. This paper attempts to clarify some important design points of the forthcoming emissions trading scheme for aviation under the EU ETS. Five general key points of system design are acknowledged and comparisons are made to previous and current emission trading schemes. Above all, it is argued that initial all...

Carbon leakage remains a topic of crucial importance as long as the international climate regime remains fragmented. In the first part of this paper, we adopt a typology of three distinct channels of carbon leakage and use it as a guide to review the existing literature. In the second part, we investigate the interplay of two forms of leakage, namely specialisation leakage (linked to termsof-tr...

We present a novel approach to the pricing of financial instruments in emission markets— for example, the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The proposed structural model is positioned between existing complex full equilibrium models and pure reduced-form models. Using an exogenously specified demand for a polluting good, it gives a causal explanation for the accumulation of CO2 ...

In this paper we formulate a dynamic model of a profit maximization problem for assessing quantitatively how the policy of carbon tax and emissions trading would be effective to achieve the targeted reduction of the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, we evaluate the influence of carbon tax and emissions trading on the economy in industry in a long-term view.

Climate change, initiated by increasing greenhouse gas emissions leads to serious ecological and economic problems especially in developing countries. The potential carbon sinks are analyzed by a combination of different remote sensing based products for three countries (Ghana, Togo, Burkina Faso). In order to derive these information, the following analysis need to be done: Firstly, the net pr...

This chapter reviews three scenario literatures: general mitiga-tion scenarios produced since the Second Assessment Report (SAR), narrative-based scenarios found in the general futures literature, and mitigation scenarios based on the new reference scenarios developed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Scenarios A long-term view...

unlike other studies in which the autours have focused on testing the existence of an environmental kuznets curve, in this study, causality relationship between the energy consumption (oil equivalent), carbon emissions, gross domestic production, total labor force and fixed capital formation is investigated during 1960 to 2007 in iran. following an examination of stationary tests for all the va...

Emission trading is considered to be an economically sensitive method for reducing the concentrations of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. There has been debate about the viability of using urban tree plantings in these markets. The main concern is whether or not urban planting projects can be cost effective options for investors. We compared the cost efficiency ...

In the face of increasing pressure to reduce emissions, China, as a major developing country in terms emission reduction, is obliged establish carbon trading market. At present, there are constraints China's market, such insufficient financial participation, obvious regional segmentation lack pricing power international intermediary service capacity, and institutional irregularities. Drawing on...

Due to CO2 emissions, humans are encountering grave environmental crises (e.g., rising sea levels and the grim future of submerged cities). Governments have begun offset emissions by constructing emission-trading schemes (carbon-offset markets). Investors naturally crave carbon-offset options effectively control risk. However, research practice for these relatively limited. This paper contribut...