We have previously shown that insulin suppresses growth hormone (GH) messenger (m) RNA levels in rat pituitary cells. To further delineate the molecular mechanism of insulin action, the effect of insulin treatment on GH gene transcription rates was examined in GH3 pituitary cells grown in serum-free defined medium. A transcriptional run-off assay was performed when intact isolated nuclei were a...

RECENTLY the obesity gene was identified and its gene product, leptin, has demonstrated [1]. It is expressed exclusively in adipocytes, secreted into the blood stream and appears to signal to the hypothalamus through its specific receptor. It reduces appetite and stimulates energy expenditure. Thus it serves an endocrine function in body weight regulation of energy consumption and storage. Sinc...

Growth hormone (GH) evolution is very conservative among mammals, except for primates and ruminant artiodactyls. In fact, most known mammalian GH sequences differ from the inferred ancestral mammalian sequence by only a few amino acids. In contrast, the human GH sequence differs from the inferred ancestral sequence by 59 amino acids. However, it is not known when this rapid evolution of GH occu...

The prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) gene families represent species-specific expansions of pregnancy-associated hormones/cytokines. In this review we examine the structure, expression patterns, and biological actions of the pregnancy-specific PRL and GH families.

Human growth hormone (hGH) gene expression and regulation by thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones were examined after its stable introduction into rat anterior pituitary tumor cells. Transcripts from the hGH gene were correctly initiated and could be positively regulated by glucocorticoids. In contrast to the endogenous rat GH gene and a transfected, modified rat GH gene, the hGH gene was negati...

Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes reproductive loss and severe economic losses in dairy and goat industry. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of N. caninum tachyzoites on the release of extracellular traps (ETs) in caprine monocytes and furthermore elucidated parts of its molecular mechanisms. N. caninum tachyzoite-induced monoc...

Lysin-motif (LysM) receptor kinases (LYKs) play essential roles in recognition of chitin and activation of defense responses against pathogenic fungi in the model plants Arabidopsis and rice. The function of LYKs in non-model plants, however, remains elusive. In the present work, we found that the transcription of two LYK-encoding genes from cotton, Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK2, was induced after Vertic...

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing is regulated by consensus sequences at the intron boundaries and branch site. Recently, Sirand-Pugnet et al. reported the importance of an additional intronic sequence, an (A/U)GGG repeat in chicken beta-tropomyosin that is a binding site for a protein required for spliceosome assembly. Interestingly, we have detected mutations in IVS3 of the human growth hormone (G...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate influence genotypes two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) – c.78C>T located in growth hormone gene (GH) and c.106C>G receptor (GHR) on individual body weight (IBW) during growing period at 35, 70 90 d age a total 107 weaned Californian breed rabbits. restriction fragments obtained revealed that 74.8% rabbits carrying SNP 52.3% were h...

Growth hormone (GH) is a key metabolic regulator mediating glucose and lipid metabolism. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase superfamily and regulates cell cycle progression. The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP: NR0B2) plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolic processes. Here, we studied the role of ATM on GH-dependent r...