This paper studies macroeconomic conditions and ...nancing decisions of ...rms that face various degrees of agency problems. A calibrated model is developed that explains the pronounced counter-cyclical leverage patterns observed for ...rms that access public capital markets. It relates these patterns to debt and equity issues. Moreover, it explains why leverage and debt issues do not exhibit t...

Automated high-frequency trading has grown tremendously in the past 20 years and is responsible for about half of all trading activities at stock exchanges worldwide. Geography is central to the rise of high-frequency trading due to a market design of ‘‘continuous trading’’ that allows traders to engage in arbitrage based upon informational advantages built into the socio-technical assemblages ...

U novel data on European firms, this paper investigates the relationship between business groups and innovation. Controlling for various firm characteristics, we find that group affiliates are more innovative than standalones. We examine several hypotheses to explain this finding, focusing on group internal capital markets and knowledge spillovers. We find that group affiliation is particularly...

We introduce a neoclassical growth economy with idiosyncratic production risk and incomplete markets. The general equilibrium is characterized in closed form. Uninsurable production shocks introduce a risk premium on private equity and typically result in a lower steady-state level of capital than under complete markets. In the presence of such risks, the anticipation of low investment and high...

Offshore wind offers a very large clean power resource, but electricity from the first US offshore wind contracts is costlier than current regional wholesale electricity prices. To better understand the factors that drive these costs, we develop a pro-forma cash flow model to calculate two results: the levelized cost of energy, and the breakeven price required for financial viability. We then d...

An incomplete markets life-cycle model with indivisible labor makes career lengths and human capital accumulation respond to labor tax rates and government supplied non-employment benefits. We compare aggregate and individual outcomes in this individualistic incomplete markets model with those in a comparable collectivist representative family with employment lotteries and complete insurance ma...

We study the valuation of similar assets in different national markets and how the valuation differentials have evolved through time. We focus on the impact of globalization and propose a (model free) measure of the degree of segmentation of world equity markets. We characterize which factors determine its cross-sectional and time series variation. Our first goal is to link the measure to the d...

Finance plays a major role in discussions about state capitalism emerging markets, but the focus has so far been on banks. Capital markets have neglected. Moreover, findings from growing literature financialization indicate that some cases there is increasing involvement development and functioning of capital markets. Hence, relationship between finance these economies may be fundamentally diff...