OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on restraint-induced release of prolactin (PRL) in male Wistar rats of different ages. DESIGN: Rats were implanted with a brain ventricular for icv injection, and with a jugular vein cannula for iv injection. Competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 and noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker MK-801 was inje...

Objective To determine the risk factors associated with stridor, with special attention to the role of the cuffed orotracheal cannula. Methods Prospective analysis of all the intubated patients submitted to mechanical ventilator support from January 2008 to April 2011. The relevant factors for stridor collected were age, weight, size and type of airway tube, diagnosis, and duration of mechanica...

The pattern of gastric emptying after truncal vagotomy and drainage is usually biphasic. An early rapid phase is followed by a characteristically abrupt transition to slow emptying. The mechanisms responsible for this pattern were studied in six dogs with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, fitted with a proximal duodenal cannula. Gastric emptying was measured using gamma camera imaging of a rad...

OBJECTIVE To reproduce the surgery for correction of pulmonary valve anomalies using right heart bypass and a new bicaval cuffed venous cannula for minimal access surgery. METHODS Fifteen Large-White pigs were used for this study. The standard technique model was established with the first five pigs, the experiment was done with nine animals by sternotomy, and one was submitted to a minimally...

The present study compared four different sites and conditions for the measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in 38 spontaneous breathing tracheotomised patients. Of the patients, 28 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The four different conditions were: 1) through a cuff inflated cannula (condition A); 2) through the mouth with a d...

We used a high-flow nasal cannula with a patient who required a high fraction of inspired oxygen but could not tolerate a nasal or facial mask. We saw a 92-year-old woman with delirium and dementia in the intensive care unit for multi-lobar pneumonia with severe hypoxemia. Attempts to oxygenate the patient failed because she was unable to tolerate various facial and nasal masks. We then tried a...

Since January 1994, we have used percutaneous placement of both the subclavian and femoral cannulae to establish access for venovenous bypass during orthotopic liver transplantation. Percutaneous subclavian and femoral cannulae were used in 36 patients of which 5 had portal decompression by placement of a cannula in inferior mesenteric vein percutaneously through the abdominal wall. Intraoperat...

BACKGROUND Echocardiography plays a fundamental role in cannulae insertion and positioning for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Optimal access and return cannulae orientation is required to prevent recirculation. The aim of this study was to compare a novel imaging technique, intracatheter echocardiography (iCATHe), with conventional intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) to guide place...

In the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. The rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a Stoelting stereotaxic instrument. A stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. The third ventricular region was infus...