The embryonic vertebrate heart tube develops an atrioventricular canal that divides the atrial and ventricular chambers, forms atrioventricular conduction tissue and organizes valve development. Here we assess the transcriptional mechanism underlying this localized differentiation process. We show that atrioventricular canal-specific enhancers are GATA-binding site-dependent and act as switches...

For the successful root canal treatment, thorough cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is a necessary procedure. C-shaped canals are known to have a complex canal anatomy with numerous fins connecting individual canals, thus require supplementary effort to accomplish a successful root canal treatment. Generally, anthropologic differences in tooth shape is not an important issue in the ...

Thresholds were measured at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz in 20 normal adult ears and in ten ears from adults with varying amounts of ear-canal collapse. To alleviate the attenuation caused by ear-canal collapse, ear-canal inserts, postauricular pads, or circumaural cushions (Telephonics 510-020) were used with earphones (TDH-49). The circumaural cushions provided th...

This report presents a therapeutic procedure for refractory benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (antBPPV) of the anterior canal. Two patients with refractory antBPPV were treated by a prolonged forced position procedure (PFPP). The technique is based on the assumption that the pathophysiological mechanism of antBPPV is similar to that generating posterior canal canalolithiasis. The patients re...

Results: Maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines typically presented with a single canal of type I canal configuration. In mandibular teeth, most of the central incisors showed type I (57.4%) canal configuration. Type III was found in 37.0% of the cases. The incidence of type III canal configuration in mandibular lateral incisors was 55.9%. The remainder was distributed mainly betwee...

Local wound debridement in the diseased pulp space is the main step in root canal treatment to prevent the tooth from being a source of infection. Successful root canal therapy is always based on the combination of proper instrumentation, irrigation and obturation of the root canal. Of these three essential steps of root canal therapy, irrigation of the root canal is the most important techniqu...

We demonstrate the advantages of dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors with a comprehensive evaluation of different measurement schemes for pH and protein sensing. In particular, we compare the detection of voltage and current changes when top- and bottom-gate bias is applied. Measurements of pH show that a large voltage shift of 491 mV pH(-1) is obtained in the subthreshold region when t...

OBJECTIVES An important factor that interferes with the bonding between the root canal wall and resin cement is the root canal sealer remnant. There is controversy about the effect of eugenol-containing sealers on the bond strength between resin cements and fiber post. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of endodontic sealer on the bond strength of FRC posts cemented wi...

This paper considers a discrete-time queue with a gate. The system has a single server and a gate. Customers arrive to the system according to a batch Bernoulli process and wait for the next gate opening in front of the gate. When the gate opens, all the customers who are waiting at the gate move into the inside of the gate. The server serves the customers only inside the gate. The gate closes ...