The South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) is a megaproject which has been constructed to alleviate imbalanced water resource distribution between northern and southern China. It encompasses three routes distributed in the east, central, west of China, respectively. central route (CR) SNWDP starts from Danjiangkou Reservoir ends Beijing Tianjin, running through Hubei, Henan, Hebei Provi...

adequate cleaning, shaping and filling of the root canal system are mandatory for successful root canal treatment. thorough knowledge of root canal morphology and unusual anatomy of the tooth is critical for the practitioner. the occurrence and location of the third mesial canal (middle mesial canal) in mandibular first and second molars in relation to other two mesial canals that were treated ...

cholesteatoma, adhesive otitis and tympanosclerosis who underwent canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy or canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study in a tertiary referral hospital of operated 228 patients between April 2008 and June 2013. Using intraoperative findings, data were collected regarding the patients’ age upon presentation, gender, ...

Aims: To measure the microhardness of root canal dentin using two types of irrigating solutions( 0.2% Chlorhexidine and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) with and with out use of different types of root canal files (Stainless Steel-K files, Nickel-Titanium K-files or rotary Nickel-Titanium files). Materials & methods: The teeth divided in to four groups according to the type of irrigating solutions th...

Knowledge and understanding of the root canal anatomy is fundamental in achieving the successful endodontic treatment outcome. Occurrence of variations in root canal anatomy is common and frequency may vary according to population. This paper discusses a clinical report of root canal therapy in a permanent mandibular first molar and emphasizes the importance of magnification for the assessment,...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare digital and conventional radiography in determining the working length of dilacerated canals.Methods: Thirty nine human extracted single-rooted teeth with root curvature more than 35 degrees were included in this study. After access preparation, a file was inserted into the canal and advanced until the file tip was visualized at the foramen. Wi...

Supports: Fondation Yves Cotrel pour la recherche en pathologie rachidienne. Institut de France, Paris. SHFJ/CEA Orsay in the frame of the cooperation through IFR 49 INSERM/CNRS France.-Membranous semi circular canals (SCC) modelling based on MRI revealed significant anomalies in IS patients compared to normal subjects-Frequent aplasias located in the lateral canal were found in IS.-We also dis...