A. Schleife,1,2,3 J. B. Varley,3 F. Fuchs,1,2 C. Rödl,1,2 F. Bechstedt,1,2 P. Rinke,2,4 A. Janotti,4 and C. G. Van de Walle4 1Institut für Festkörpertheorie und -optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany 2European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF) 3Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA 4Materials De...

A Nb(3)Sn superconductor has been fabricated in rods and tapes by the interaction of the tin contained in a copper-tin alloy with niobium which had been in contact with the alloy material. This conductor has lower alternating-current (60 hertz) losses than any presently available commercial products.

In situ high-temperature (T(a)=1050-1250 K) scanning tunneling microscopy was used to determine the coarsening and decay kinetics of two-dimensional TiN adatom and vacancy islands on atomically smooth TiN(111) terraces. We report the first observation of an abrupt decrease in decay rates, irrespective of T(a), of adatom islands with areas less than a critical value of 1600 A(2). However, no dec...

Lead isotopic ratios of cassiterite, the dominant tin ore, evolve after crystallization through decay of uranium and thorium to lead. We show that the lead isotopic ratios of smelted tin at Rooiberg, South Africa, form an isochron that matches the known geological age of the Rooiberg cassiterite deposits. Since the lead isotopic ratios of several prehistoric tin and bronze artifacts throughout ...

pervasive tendency to nonconsciously classify most if not all incoming stimuli as either good or bad. Two experiments tested a functional explanation for this effect. The authors hypothesized that automatic evaluation results directly in behavioral predispositions toward the stimulus, such that positive evaluations produce immediate approach tendencies, and negative evaluations produce immediat...

We assess the impact of the opium trade on the economies of colonial Malaya, Netherlands Indies, and China from 1873 to 1911 using a new database of stock and commodity prices, plus measures of government revenues, commodity exports, and immigration. Stock returns for a few Malayan industries related to international trade are significantly correlated with opium price changes, as are prices for...

In recent years, X-by-Wire technology, which is used to electrically control conventional hydraulically controlled systems, has been receiving increased attention for its use in next-generation automotive systems. Automobile data has been increasing in volume and becoming more and more complex. As such, faster and more reliable networks are necessary. In this context, FlexRay shows great promis...

This work reports on the fabrication of tin nanoclusters by sputtering and inert-gas condensation inside an ultrahigh vacuum compatible system. This technique allows to fine tune the size and yield of nanoclusters by controlling the nanocluster source parameters. The produced nanoclusters are deposited on SiO2/Si substrate with pre-formed electrical electrodes to produce a nanocluster device. T...

The 4-nitro-cinnamate anion in the title compound, [Sn(C(7)H(7))(3)(C(9)H(6)NO(4))](n), bridges adjacent tribenzyl-tin cations into a helical chain running along the b axis. The Sn atoms in the two independent mol-ecules adopt distorted trans-C(3)SnO(2) trigonal-bipyramidal geometries. The repeat distance of the polymeric chain is b/2.