Geographic trait variations are often caused by locally different selection regimes. As a steep environmental cline along altitude strongly influences adaptive traits, mountain ecosystems are ideal for exploring adaptive differentiation over short distances. We investigated altitudinal floral size variation of Campanula punctata var. hondoensis in 12 populations in three mountain regions of cen...

The study of roach for the metazoic parasites' presence allowed to detect D. crucifer, chromatophorum. P. homoion homoion, C. laticeps, O. felineus, ovatus, R. campanula, I. platycephalus, S. bramae, elongatum. acus (l.) Unionidae gen. sp E. sieboldi geometra Proteocephalus sp. greatest species diversity was observed in fish groups 2+, 3+, and 4+ (11, 14, 13 parasites, respectively). At ages 1+...

Native wild edible greens usually include plants with widespread geographical ranges and represent a long tradition associated well-documented health effects, especially in the frame of Mediterranean diet. Although consuming local endemic range-restricted as is rare, some areas Crete this ethnobotanical tradition. The present study focused on phytochemical nutritional element analyses parts wil...

The repertoire of microeukaryotes in the human gut has been poorly explored, mainly in individuals living in northern hemisphere countries. We further explored this repertoire using PCR-sequencing and culture in seven individuals living in four tropical countries. A total of 41 microeukaryotes including 38 different fungal species and three protists were detected. Four fungal species, Davidiell...

Bees require large amounts of pollen for their own reproduction. While several morphological flower traits are known to have evolved to protect plants against excessive pollen harvesting by bees, little is known on how selection to minimize pollen loss acts on the chemical composition of pollen. In this study, we traced the larval development of four solitary bee species, each specialized on a ...

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) have no purple-, violet- or blue-flowered cultivars because they lack delphinidin-based anthocyanins. This deficiency is due to the absence of the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene (F3'5'H), which encodes the key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. In F3'5'H-transformed chrysanthemums, unpredictable and unstable expression levels have hampered su...

Plant species were collected in the botanical-geographic regions of Lankaran-Mughan and Lankaran lowland located on sou­thern part Caspian coast. During ecological-geobotanical studies we conducted southern coast, obtained information about morphological features systematic taxa wild flora Lankaran-Mugan botanical-geographical regions. In this article describe ecology distribution Dianthus cyri...