The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5 includes a spectral element dynamical core option from NCAR’s High-Order Method Modeling Environment. It is a continuous Galerkin spectral finite element method designed for fully unstructured quadrilateral meshes. The current configurations in CAM are based on the cubedsphere grid. The main motivation for including a spectral element dynamical cor...

The treatments used by most doctors are considered conventional medicine. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of a group of health care practices and products that are considered out of the mainstream. An “out-of-the-mainstream” treatment is considered complementary if you use it along with conventional medicine. Research shows that 40 percent of women in the United States use...

C-CAM (Cell-CAM 105) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is involved in cell-cell adhesion of rat hepatocytes in vitro. To elucidate the adhesion mechanism the binding properties of purified C-CAM were investigated. Using proteins immobilized on nitrocellulose it was found that radiolabeled C-CAM bound to C-CAM but not to a variety of other proteins. Partitioning in Triton X-114 showed that C-C...

KRas4B (henceforth called KRas) is a small GTPase that regulates activation of variety signaling pathways, including the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, leading to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Activation these pathways dependent on nucleotide-bound state KRas: GTP-bound KRas “turns on” while GDP-bound off” signaling. Interestingly, only one three Ras isoforms interacts with Ca2+-boun...

The mechanical stability of epithelial cells, which protect organisms from harmful external factors, is maintained by hemidesmosomes via the interaction between plectin 1a (P1a) and integrin α6β4. Binding of calcium-calmodulin (Ca(2+)-CaM) to P1a together with phosphorylation of integrin β4 disrupts this complex, resulting in disassembly of hemidesmosomes. We present structures of the P1a actin...

The entry of calcium into dendritic spines can trigger a sequence of biochemical reactions that begins with the activation of calmodulin (CaM) and ends with long-term changes to synaptic strengths. The degree of activation of CaM can depend on highly local elevations in the concentration of calcium and the duration of transient increases in calcium concentration. Accurate measurement of these l...

Background and Aim: Chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems have become considerably more accurate, reliable, efficient, fast, and prevalent since 1985 when CEREC was introduced. The inceptive restorative material option for chairside CAD/CAM restorations was limited to ceramic blocks. Today, restorative material options have been multiplied and include me...

in saturated soils, heating induces thermal expansion of both grains and the pore fluid. lower thermal expansion coefficient of aggregates results in the increase of pore pressure and reduction of the effective stress besides subsequent volume changes due to the dissipation of pore pressure and heat transfer. dissipation of thermally induced pore pressure with time is a coupled thermo-hydro-mec...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the factors that control the initiation of growth of primordial follicles. Primordial follicles in pieces of fetal bovine ovarian cortex spontaneously activate in vitro and develop to the primary stage, but few follicles develop further. For decades, embryologists have grafted tissue to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos to study the development...