A mathematical model of atrial electrophysiology was modified to simulate the effects of chronic AF (cAF). Furthermore, ion channel conductivities were reduced according to the inhibition caused by two different concentrations of amiodarone and dronedarone. The resulting drug effects were investigated in healthy and cAF single-cells as well as in tissue. In a 1D tissue strand, restitution curve...

Calcium monofluoride (CaF) is magnetically slowed and trapped using optical pumping. Starting from a collisionally cooled slow beam, CaF with an initial velocity of ∼ 30 m/s is slowed via magnetic forces as it enters a 800 mK deep magnetic trap. Employing two-stage optical pumping, CaF is irreversibly loaded into the trap via two scattered photons. We observe a trap lifetime exceeding 500 ms li...

In this paper, we propose a simple relaying protocol, namely clip-amplify-forward (CAF), for dual-hop transmissions. In the CAF relaying protocol, the received signal at the relay node is clipped firstly and then amplified with a fixed amplification gain before retransmission. Only a hard clipper and a linear amplifier are needed at the relay node, where no channel estimation is needed. Simulat...

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (CAF) is a rare, benign fibroblastic tumor that typically occurs in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, in children and adolescents. Due to its infiltrative nature, this tumor can mimic malignancy on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and has a predilection for local recurrence. There are very few reports in the literature that describe featur...

In recent years the tumor microenvironment has emerged as an important target for cancer therapy. The tumor microenvironment facilitates tumor progression and metastasis by providing a matrix for the integration of intricate networks suitable to maintain and nourish tumor cells, as well as suppress the normal immunologic antitumor defenses. However, the details of the pathways in the tumor micr...

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly that originates from the coronary artery and drains into the cardiac chamber or the adjacent vasculature. We report a case of CAF in a 77 years old woman with dyspnea on exertion. Using coronary angiography and cardiac multidetector computed tomography, this patient was diagnosed with CAF draining into the left bronchial arteries. First-pass radio...

In this context, (Caffeine)(tetrahydroborato)zinc complex as white stable reducing agents [Zn(BH 4 ) 2 (caf)], has been prepared by complexation of one equimolar amounts of zinc tetrahydroborate and one equimolar amounts of caffeine at room temperature. Also, [Zn(BH 4 ) 2 (caf) ]has been used for reduce of a variety of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, α, βunsaturated carbonyl comp...

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare entity. Sometimes it may associate with mild diffuse or segmental coronary ectasia. CAF with giant coronary artery is exceptionally rare. We present a unique case of a 49-year-old female patient with a giant right coronary artery of diffuse ectasia coexisting with a fistula draining into the right ventricle. To our best knowledge, CAF with diffuse coronar...

Carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF) as prominent cell type of the tumour microenvironment has complex interaction with both the cancer cells and other non-neoplastic surrounding cells. The CAF-derived regulators and extracellular matrix proteins can support cancer progression by providing a protective microenvironment for the cancer cells via reduction of chemotherapy sensitivity. On the othe...