The C2 muscle cell line is myogenic in vitro and has been extensively used in studies of muscle cell differentiation. Here, we have investigated the myogenicity in vivo of C2 cells implanted into suitable sites in the mouse. Large amounts of new muscle were formed when C2 cells were implanted into sites in nude mice which were undergoing regeneration following whole muscle grafting and in scaff...

Melanoma-associated antigen-encoding (MAGE) genes are expressed in melanoma and other cancers but not in normal somatic cells. MAGE expression is associated with aggressive tumor growth, poor clinical outcome, and resistance to chemotherapy, but the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we show that downregulation of MAGE-C2 in A375 melanoma cells and low-passage cultur...

The cancer-testis (CT) family of antigens is expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms. In most cases, no CT antigen is found in normal tissues, except in testis, making them ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. A comprehensive analysis of CT antigen expression has not yet been reported in prostate cancer. MAGE-C2/CT-10 is a novel CT antigen. The objective of this study was to analyze ex...

Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂α), which harbors an N-terminal lipid binding C2 domain and a C-terminal lipase domain, produces arachidonic acid from the sn-2 position of zwitterionic lipids such as phosphatidylcholine. The C2 domain has been shown to bind zwitterionic lipids, but more recently, the anionic phosphomonoester sphingolipid metabolite ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) has emer...

PTEN is a tumor suppressor frequently inactivated in brain, prostate, and uterine cancer. It acts as a phosphoinositide phosphatase and consists of an amino-terminal phosphatase domain tightly linked to a COOH-terminal C2 domain involved in lipid membrane-binding. We investigated the functions of the C2 domain and their relevance for tumor growth. To discriminate between PTEN C2 domain ability ...

The range of electrical properties that a neuron or muscle cell can manifest is determined by which ion channel genes it expresses and in what amounts. The Drosophila slowpoke Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel gene has four distinct promoters. Here we assess the role that a downstream intronic region, called the C2/C3 region, plays in modulating Promoter C1 and Promoter C2 activity. Promoter C1 and P...

Serum from three patients with a complete, selective deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) did not promote optimal killing of Staphylococcus aureus, 502A by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. The addition of C2 reagent or the presence of heat-stable opsonin in the C2-deficient serum corrected the defective killing of S. aureus that was observed with patien...

OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the correlation between Interleukin (IL)-17 gene polymorphism with gastric cancer susceptibility in Han Chinese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 2013 and October 2014, 386 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone surgeries at our institution and 374 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Single ...

UNLABELLED Two paintings, O1 and O2, were split into their luminance (grayscale) components L1, L2 and their color components C1, C2. The two color components, C1, C2, were transparently superimposed. Adding the grayscale of the first painting (= C1 + C2 + L1) looked like the original O1, while adding the grayscale of the second painting (= C1 + C2 + L2) looked like the original O2. CONCLUSIO...