In this study, the combustion of olive byproducts was investigated using TG-FTIR technique. Different types biomass were considered: twigs, leaves, olive-mill waste from two-phase decanting method, and wastewater three-phase system. The reaction regions, ignition, burnout temperatures at different heating rates determined TG/DTG analysis thermogravimetry results. Comprehensive combustion, burno...

The problem of recovering ethylene and byproducts from the steam pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons is discussed. Opportunities for improved efficiency using distributed distillation, recycle coupling, heat pumping, and mixed refrigeration are presented. Emphasis is placed upon energy efficiency with potential savings in capital costs as applied to refrigerated processes.

The oxidation of alkyl and aryl aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids has been achieved through the action of a biomimetic bridged flavin catalyst. The reaction uses readily available 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide and is operationally simple. The oxidation is a green and sustainable reaction, obviating chlorinated solvents with minimal byproducts.

Herein we report an advancement in the application of visible light photoredox catalysts in the oxidation of electron-rich arenes resulting in the selective deprotection of para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) ethers. This method is highlighted by excellent functional group tolerance, protecting group orthogonality, mild reaction conditions and avoidance of stoichiometric redox byproducts.

Ecstasy samples often contain byproducts of the illegal, uncontrolled synthesis of N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). MDMA and eight chemically defined byproducts of MDMA synthesis were investigated for their interaction with the primary sites of action of MDMA, namely the human plasmalemmal monamine transporters for norepinephrine, serotonin, a...

The bioenergy industry produces a wide range of byproducts varying in their chemical composition depending on type of technology employed. In particular, pyrolysis and transesterification conversion processes generate C-rich byproducts of biochar (BC) and glycerol (GL), respectively, which can be added to soil. These two byproducts vary in their carbon availability, and comparing their effects ...

Several hundred disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have been identified, and are known to have potentially adverse health effects. There are toxicological data gaps for most DBPs, and the predictive method may provide an effective way to address this. The development of an in-silico model of toxicology endpoints of DBPs is rarely studied. The main aim of the present study is to de...

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) were investigated as a source of iodine in the formation of iodo-trihalomethane (iodo-THM) and iodo-acid disinfection by-products (DBPs), both of which are highly genotoxic and/or cytotoxic in mammalian cells. ICM are widely used at medical centers to enable medical imaging of soft tissues (e.g., organs, veins, blood vessels), they are almost completely excr...

The objective of this study was to chemically characterize both channel and hybrid catfish parts including heads, frames, viscera, skin, and fillet trimming mince. Triplicate samples of channel and hybrid catfish byproduct parts were obtained from a large commercial catfish processor and analyzed for percent moisture, lipid, protein, ash, and amino acid and fatty acid profiles were determined. ...

Distillers grains with solubles (DGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) are the major byproducts of ethanol production fed to cattle. Both DGS and CGF can be fed wet or dried with animal performance usually similar when fed as wet or dried products; however, some research results favored the wet products. Cattle diets can contain DGS or CGF as replacements for portions of both concentrates and forages...