A frequently cited argument against the use of market-based instruments like emission permit trading systems is that they diminish our sense of moral responsibility to be good environmental citizens. By changing pollution from a sin against nature remedied only by personal atonement into a commodity that can be bought and sold with no special social consequences, market-based instruments may we...

We present the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for network design with multiple commodities andeconomies of scale. We consider the rent-or-buy problem, a type of multicommodity buy-at-bulk network design in which there are two ways to install capacity on any givenedge. Capacity can be rented, with cost incurred on a per-unit of capacity basis, or bought, which allows u...

On many online auction sites it is now possible for a seller to augment his auction with a maximum or buy-out price. The use of this instrument has been justified in “one-shot” auctions by appeal to impatience or risk aversion. Here we offer additional justification by observing that trading on internet auctions is not of a “one-shot” nature, but that market participants expect more transaction...

Genetic programming (GP) is increasingly popular as a research tool for applications in finance and economics. One thread in this area is the use of GP to discover effective technical trading rules. In a seminal article, Allen & Karjalainen (1999) used GP to find rules that were profitable, but were nevertheless outperformed by the simple “buy and hold” trading strategy. Many succeeding attempt...

As is well-known, wh-phrases in Mandarin Chinese can be used as interrogative pronouns, existential indefinites, or universal quantifiers, and regardless of which interpretation they receive, they remain in-situ at S-Structure. In addition, it is not the case that these different usages are freely available in all contexts, as illustrated by the following examples. (1)ta mai sheme shu she buy w...

Sandro Zucchi Dipartimento di Scienze della Comunicazione Università di Salerno One difference between the Italian Sign Language sentences in (1)-(3) below and their English translations is that, while the English predicates are inflected for tense, the sign for the verb in Italian Sign Language (LIS) appears in its citational form: (1) GIANNI HOUSE BUY “Gianni is buying a house” (2) TIME-AGO G...

Objective Most of the experts in marketing consider the market (store) environment as an effective factor to attract customers which is used as a strategy to create a pleasant purchasing experience for the customers and influence the consumers’ behavior. Nowadays, hypermarkets pay more attention to the custormers’ comfort while purchasing and try to use a variety of strategies, nice background ...