The subject of the research is most common type detachable joints in chemical, petrochemical, oil refining, food and energy machine apparatus construction, namely flanged technological auxiliary equipment, as well pipelines.
 study state issue trends development structural design based on a critical analysis scientific technical sources information and, above all, patent leading countries ...

Abstract Titanium as a high-performance material offers great potential for wide range of applications with different aspects like lightweight-constructions, biocompatibility well design and is used in various industrial areas the transportation sector or medical sports engineering. To exploit full titanium, there still need innovative efficient joining techniques compared to conventional metho...