Global wind-energy development has increased exponentially in recent decades and is expected to double capacity Canada by 2040. Wind-farm significant implications for wildlife, particularly raptors, where injury or death from turbine strikes other cumulative effects are well documented. Minimizing conflict important species at risk, such as the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), because...

PALMER, R. S. 1988. Handbook of North American birds, ~01s. 1, 2. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT. RICHARDS, D. G. 1981. Alerting and message components in songs of rufous-sided towhees. Behaviour 76223-249. ROBISSON, P. 1992. Roles of pitch and duration in the discrimination of the mate’s call in the King Penguin Apendodytes patagonicus. Bioacoustics 425-36. ROSENFIELD, R. N., AND J. BIELEFELD...

Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) was recognized in 1994 as a cause of wild bird mortality when 29 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) succumbed to the disease at DeGray Lake, Arkansas (USA). The cause of AVM and its source remain undetermined despite extensive diagnostic and research investigations. Two years later, when AVM killed 26 eagles in the same area in Arkansas, it became apparent ...