Janet Landa provides an impressive historical tour of the development of her theory of homogeneous middlemen groups (HMGs), and how she arrived at the group selection approach. Despite her claim that the case studies she presents provide evidence for group selection in human societies, we argue that such a conclusion is premature.We suggest that an evolutionary explanation of HGMswill be streng...

Despite his punishing workload at the clinic, Dr Tait has also managed to erect a very impressive web site, which provides more data on Vitamin B17 than any other web site I have seen. His site is well worth a visit by anyone who has ever wondered why the American FDA and Australian Government have responded to B17 with such vicious disregard for human life. A link to Dr Tait’s Fountain of Life...

the decline in avoidable mortality (am) and increase in life expectancy in shanghai is impressive. gusmano and colleagues suggested that shanghai’s improved health system has contributed significantly to this decline in am. however, when compared to other global cities, shanghai’s life expectancy at birth is improving as london and new york city, but has yet to surpass that of hong kong, tokyo,...

Contemporary deep neural networks exhibit impressive results on practical problems. These networks generalize well although their inherent capacity may extend significantly beyond the number of training examples. We analyze this behavior in the context of deep, infinite neural networks. We show that deep infinite layers are naturally aligned with Gaussian processes and kernel methods, and devis...

The PROWESS (Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis) trial demonstrated a 6.1% absolute decrease in mortality with a p value of 0.005. Despite the impressive results of this trial, criticism of the study has targeted various aspects of design, analysis and interpretation. Additional studies of recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) have added to our underst...

Connectionist modeling and neuroscience have little common ground or mutual influence. Despite impressive algorithms and analysis within connectionism and neural networks, there has been little influence on neuroscience, which remains primarily an empirical science. This chapter advocates two strategies to increase the interaction between neuroscience and neural networks: (1) focus on emergent ...

Background Workforce motivation and retention is important for the functionality and quality of service delivery in health systems of developing countries. Despite huge primary healthcare (PHC) infrastructure, Pakistan’s health indicators are not impressive; mainly because of under-utilization of facilities and low patient satisfaction. One of the major underlying issues is staff absenteeism. T...

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major environmental stress that inhibits plant growth and development. There has been impressive progress in recent years greatly increased our understanding of the nature Al its mechanisms tolerance. This review describes transcription factors (TFs) hormones involved adaptation to stress. In particular, it discusses strategies confer resistance stress, such as trans...