to evaluate pathogenicity of 3 chicken anemia virus isolates-cv1, cv2 and cv3 respectively - the current experiment carried out. after tittering of the viruses, 30 one day old spf chicks were grouped and intramuscularly inoculated with each isolate in a separate group. two other groups as positive and control groups were inoculate with a live vaccine virus and normal saline respectively. during...

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central lymphoid organ of birds responsible for B-cell maturation within bursal follicles of epithelial origin. Despite the fundamental importance of the BF to the birth of B lymphocytes in the immune system, the embryological origin of the epithelial component of the BF remains unknown. The BF arises in the tail bud, caudal to the cloaca and in close associatio...

Background and Aims: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute contagious viral disease of birds worldwide. The causative virus induces a persistent immune suppression following destroy B lymphocytes precursors in bursal lymphoid follicles. Vaccination is the main strategy for prevention of the disease in commercial poultry industry. Materials and Methods: To produce a live vaccine against th...

Broiler chicks with high immune defense potential at hatching are of great value to the poultry industry. Heat stress can have immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory effect and Ascorbic Acid (AA) acts as anti-stressor and has important physiological functions in bird immune system development. This study aimed to assess the effect of intra egg injection of AA before incubation on development o...

The lymphoid cells of embryonic bursal follicles are engaged in rapid growth and preimmune diversification of immunoglobulin genes. Disruption of follicular architecture by mechanical dispersion of these cells in short-term tissue culture was accompanied by continued cell division and extensive cell death by apoptosis. Apoptosis was suppressed in parallel cultures of intact follicles. gamma Rad...

The objective of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting carcass traits on chromosome 1 in Japanese quail. The populations comprised of 422 progeny in 9 half-sib families. Phenotypic data on carcass weight, carcass parts, and the internal organs were collected on 422 progeny. Nine half-sib families were genotyped for 8 microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 1...

The types of thirty-two nominal weevil species described by Johann Christian Fabricius are reviewed and lecto- and paralectotypes are designated for twenty-two of them. A neotype is designated for Curculiosticticus Fabricius, 1777. Protapionvaripes (Germar, 1817) is declared a nomen protectum over Curculioflavipes Fabricius, 1775. Based on a study of syntypes, Rhinomacercurculioides Fabricius, ...