The role of liquid membrane hypothesis has been studied in the mechanism of action of cephalosporins like cefuroxime sodium. In the present study transport of selected permeants (glucose, p-amino benzoic acid and ions like magnesium, ammonium, phosphate, calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride) through liquid membrane generated by cefuroxime sodium in series with supporting membrane has been st...

We have measured the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum of liquid (298 K) methanol at the oxygen and carbon K edges. The 4a(1) orbital at the O K edge exhibits a pronounced sensitivity to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, with significant differences observed between the vapor and bulk spectra, whereas the C K edge reveals only subtle corresponding spectral changes. Comparison with DF...

The behaviour of simple liquids in the vicinity of the critical point is generally well understood. The relevant bulk quantities like compressibility, correlation length and density difference between the coexisting liquid and vapour phase are described by power laws, whose critical exponents are in close agreement with renormalization group calculations; relationships between these critical ex...

The three dimensional Ising model in cylindrical geometry can be regarded as a model system for the study of nanopores. As a quasi one dimensional system, it also exhibits a rather interesting “phase behavior”: At low temperatures, the tube is either filled with liquid or gas and the densities are similar to those in the bulk. When we approach a “pseudo-critical point” (below the critical point...

1. Introduction When liquids are embedded into nanoporous matrices their physical properties can be affected by confinement conditions. In particular, the self-diffusion process within nanopores was shown to alter noticeably compared to bulk for many inorganic and organic liquids. Our recent NMR studies showed that atomic mobility in liquid indium and gallium embedded into nanoporous matrices i...

We elaborate on a theory of electronic transport through a quantum point contact (QPC) in the Quantum Hall (QH) regime, which does not discriminate between compressible and incompressible QH liquids, and accounts for both diffusive and ballistic regimes of the bulk electron motion. In either regime we find departures from the accustomed chiral Luttinger liquid behavior. The results suggest that...

The surface normal structure of the mercury liquid-vapor interface has been investigated by measuring the x-ray reflectivity out to a momentum transfer of qz ­ 2.5 Å . The results provide direct experimental proof of surface layering in liquid metals. The layer spacing is given by the atomic dimensions of the Hg atoms. The minimum layer width agrees well with the predictions of capillary wave t...

Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out to observe the surface structure of [bmim][PF(6)]. At an incident angle of less than the critical angle, a diffraction pattern from 10 nm beneath the surface was obtained. A broad Debye-Scherrer ring was observed in the diffraction patterns, indicating that the [bmim][PF(6)] molecules near the surface are randomly orientated, sim...

Density functional tight binding (DFTB), which is ∼100-1000 times faster than full density functional theory (DFT), has been used to simulate the structure and properties of protic ionic liquid (IL) ions, clusters of ions and the bulk liquid. Proton affinities for a wide range of IL cations and anions determined using DFTB generally reproduce G3B3 values to within 5-10 kcal/mol. The structures ...