The computational role of the olfactory bulb remains a mystery after 60 yr of physiological research. Recently, Fantana and colleagues proposed a new model of bulb function based on sparse inhibitory connections between glomeruli, the functional units of the bulb, rather than the existing lateral inhibition model. I present a summary of their model here and its implications along with compariso...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable that is widely consumed due to its flaouring and healthpromoting properties. A randomized complete block factorial experiment was carried out in Payame Noor University, Marivan center, in order to study the effects of rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and sheep manure on the yield and quality of onion. The first factor consisted of two sheep manure levels (0 an...

A 77-year-oldwomanwas sent to our center for radiological investigation of a suspect pancreatic lesion. A computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast had been performed of a malignant pancreatic neoplasia invadingmesenteric vessels and conditioning jaundice. Under deep sedation with intravenous propofol (Diprivan; Astra Zeneca, Wilmington, Delaware, North Carolina, USA), the patient underwent e...

Creating highly electrically conducting cables from macroscopic aggregates of carbon nanotubes, to replace metallic wires, is still a dream. Here we report the fabrication of iodine-doped, double-walled nanotube cables having electrical resistivity reaching ∼10⁻⁷ Ω.m. Due to the low density, their specific conductivity (conductivity/weight) is higher than copper and aluminum and is only just be...

Olfactory dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease and is an early symptom, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Hindering progress in our mechanistic understanding of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is the paucity of literature about the human olfactory bulb, both from normal and Parkinson's disease cases. Qualitatively it is well established that the neat arrangeme...

Since the invention of light bulb by T [...]

BACKGROUND Irrigating ears to remove wax is a time-consuming procedure in UK primary care. In many other countries bulb syringes are used for self-clearance of earwax but evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. AIM To compare the effectiveness of self-treatment bulb syringes with routine care. DESIGN OF STUDY Open, randomised, controlled trial. SETTING Seven practices in Hampshire, UK...

Although four different primary olfactory pathways have been described in tetrapod vertebrates, polymorphic olfactory sensory neurons comingle in the olfactory epithelium and project axons into separate bulbar regions in teleost fish. However, spatially segregated neurons may exist in the peripheral olfactory organ of lampreys, extant representatives of ancestral jawless vertebrates. In lamprey...