We studied the spatial distribution of the abnormal ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) units in a porcine model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE), using the fluorescent microsphere (FMS) technique. Four piglets ( approximately 22 kg) were anesthetized and ventilated with room air in the prone position. Each received approximately 20 g of preformed blood clots at time t = 0 min via a large-bor...

BACKGROUND To compare the cost-effectiveness of nutrition programs, the anticipated nutritional benefits of each intervention must be expressed using a common metric. OBJECTIVE We present the methodology for estimating the benefits of vitamin A (VA)-related interventions among women and children in Cameroon. METHODS We estimated "reach" (proportion of the population that receives a program)...

Platelet-derived coagulation factor Va is the primary secreted substrate for a thrombin-stimulation-dependent platelet kinase. Human platelet factor Va, consisting of a molecular weight (M(r)) 105,000 heavy chain and an M(r) 74,000 light chain, incorporates phosphate in at least two sites on the light chain. Phosphorylated factor Va represents 50% of the secreted protein-associated phosphate. T...

BACKGROUND The need for an anti-osteoporotic agent is in high demand since osteoporosis contributes to high rates of disability or impairment (high osteoporotic fracture), morbidity and mortality. Hence, the present study is designed to evaluate the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) against bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS AND MET...

CONTEXT Celiac disease (CD) is associated with an increased fracture risk, an increase that persists after diagnosis. A significant proportion of patients with CD have persistent villous atrophy (VA) on follow-up biopsy. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether persistent VA impacts long-term fracture risk. DESIGN This was a cohort study. SETTING AND PATIENTS We ident...

OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of refractive correction alone and patching treatment with near activities on amblyopia associated with myopic anisometropia in children aged 4 to less than 14 years. The associations of visual acuity (VA) improvement with age,degree of anisometropia, patching compliance, presence of strabismus, and presence of eccentric fixation were also investigated. ME...

Vitamin A (VA) fortification of cooking oil is considered a cost-effective strategy for increasing VA status, but few large-scale programs have been evaluated. We conducted representative surveys in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, 2 years before and 1 year after the introduction of a mandatory national program to fortify cooking oil with VA. In each survey, 10 different households were selected w...

BACKGROUND In healthy volunteers, the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) decreases and DLCO normalized per liter alveolar volume (VA; DLCO/VA) increases if VA is decreased. We hypothesized that comparison of DLCO/VA with its predicted value at predicted total lung capacity (TLC) will result in an underestimation of the diffusion disorder in patients with a r...

Background: Vitamin A (VA; retinol) supplementation is widely used to reduce child mortality in low-income countries. However, existing research suggests that supplementation with VA alone may not be optimal for infants. Objective: We compared the effect of VA with VA combined with retinoic acid (VARA) on retinol uptake and turnover in organs of neonatal rats raised under VA-marginal conditions...