Recently, Ahmadian and Salimi [1] presented and analyzed three different attacks that can be performed in UMTS-GSM interworking networks: (i) a real-time eavesdropping attack, (ii) an offline eavesdropping attack, and (iii) an impersonation attack. In this letter we question the feasibility of these attacks. In particular, we pinpoint and analyze that these attacks are based on some erroneous a...

BACKGROUND Symptoms of disease reported by patients reflect the effects of the disease process within the individual and the person's physical and mental ability to tolerate or otherwise cope with the limitations on their functioning. This study examines the relationship between asthma symptoms, disease severity, and psychological status in patients being managed in routine primary healthcare s...

Background—Symptoms of disease reported by patients reflect the eVects of the disease process within the individual and the person’s physical and mental ability to tolerate or otherwise cope with the limitations on their functioning. This study examines the relationship between asthma symptoms, disease severity, and psychological status in patients being managed in routine primary healthcare se...

INTRODUCTION Development of secondary hyperalgesia following a cutaneous injury is a centrally mediated, robust phenomenon. The pathophysiological role of endogenous opioid signalling to the development of hyperalgesia is unclear. Recent animal studies, carried out after the resolution of inflammatory pain, have demonstrated reinstatement of tactile hypersensitivity following administration of ...

RESULTS The response rate was 60% (n = 152); 92% of hospitals (n = 140) had locally written CAP guidelines (although in only 100 were policies being used in the emergency department as well as the medical department), 5% (n = 7) used the national BTS CAP guidelines and 3% (n = 5) had no guideline. Sixtyeight guidelines (49%) had been updated in the previous year and 88% (n = 123) had been updat...

The control of glycolysis in contracting muscle is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to examine whether activation of glycolysis is mediated by factors related to the energy state or by a direct effect of Ca2+ on the regulating enzymes. Extensor digitorum longus muscles from rat were isolated, treated with cyanide to inhibit aerobic ATP production and stimulated (0.2 s trai...

BACKGROUND Treatment decisions in asthma are based on assessments of symptoms and simple measures of lung function, which do not relate closely to underlying eosinophilic airway inflammation. We aimed to assess whether a management strategy that minimises eosinophilic inflammation reduces asthma exacerbations compared with a standard management strategy. METHODS We recruited 74 patients with ...

Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) is a multi-host pathogenic species currently subdivided into three biotypes (Bts). The three Bts are human-pathogens, but only Bt2 is also a fish-pathogen, an ability that is conferred by a transferable virulence-plasmid (pVvbt2). Here we present a phylogenomic analysis from the core genome of 80 Vv strains belonging to the three Bts recovered from a wide range of geograp...

In patients with asthma, is a management strategy that controls lower airway eosinophilic inflammation and symptoms more effective than standard care for reducing asthma exacerbations? Randomized {allocation concealed*} †, blinded (clinicians and patients),* controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. P a t i e n t s 74 patients (54% men, age range 18 to 75 y) who had moderate to severe asthma an...