More than 10,000 Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) were reported dead in the Caspian Sea during spring and summer 2000. We performed necropsies and extensive laboratory analyses on 18 seals, as well as examination of the pattern of strandings and variation in weather in recent years, to identify the cause of mortality and potential contributory factors. The monthly stranding rate in 2000 was up to ...

BACKROUND Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic fungal infection that is associated with a high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we analysed the microbiome of the lower respiratory tract from critically ill intensive care unit patients with and without pneumocystosis. METHODS Broncho-alveolar fluids from 65 intubated and mechanicall...

21 Objectives: Whether synergistic antimicrobial combination in vitro would be beneficial in 22 down regulation of pneumococcal virulent genes and associated inflammation of the lung 23 tissue induced by multi-drug resistant S. pneumoniae infection in vivo needs to be elucidated 24 for considering this mode of therapy in case of severe pneumococcal infection. 25 Methods: We investigated the in ...

REPORT OF A CASE By R. A. PYPER, M.D., M.R.C.P.(LOND.) Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. TIHORACIC aCtinonimycosis, a comparatively unicommon coniditioni, miay -arise by direct inhalation of the inifectinig organism, by metastatic spread from a focus elsewhere, or by infiltration through the cesophagus. It may present as a broncho-pneumonia or as a lung abscess; it may closely simulate pulmonar...

Case 1.A girl baby, aged 8 months, was brought to the East Londoni Hospital for Children with the complaints that the abdomen had beeni swelling and that the ehild was occasionally yellow. She had had broncho-pneumonia, not severely, six weeks previously, and before that had been perfectly well. She was the first child of a young couple, aged 20 and 21 respectively, both healthy. There had been...

Because pulmonary arteries are end arteries, the circulation within the lung once appeared to be simple. However, an increasing amount of information concerning the systemic contribution to this circulation, mainly through bronchopulmonary anastomoses, has made the picture complex. The intricate network that the bronchial vessels establish between the aorta and the pulmonary arteries on the one...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a disease particular to premature infants. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and its spectrum of causes and consequences has changed over the last several years. Originally described in 1967, the disease was then a disease of neonates who were less premature but more exposed to adverse ventilation and hyperoxia. Over the past 3-4 decades a var...

If is an appropriate time to review chronic non-tuberculous chest disease (C.N.T.C.D.). This is now one of the most important medical diseases. It is extremely common. The disability is often gross. The mortality is heavy. It can now be observed without the confusion of co-existing phthisis and without its course being cut short by broncho-pneumonia. The old background of poverty and malnutriti...

The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses...

BACKGROUND Opportunistic infections with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) are common in patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and are encountered once the CD4 count decreases below 200 cells/mm3. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) tends to cause disease once the CD4 count drops below 50 cells/mm3. CMV pneumonitis is not common in this population. However, detecting its presence in broncho-al...