OBJECTIVE To perform a quantitative analysis of the airways using automated software, in computed tomography images of patients with cystic fibrosis, correlating the results with spirometric findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with cystic fibrosis were studied-20 males and 14 females; mean age 18 ± 9 years-divided into two groups according to the spirometry findings: group I ...

The neurotransmitters responsible for neurogenic airway relaxation are still unknown. We investigated the effects of N omega-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) on nonadrenergic and noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation evoked by electrical stimulation of vagus nerves in vivo and in vitro in cat. To that end, we measured pulmonary resistance during vagal nerve stimulation (VS) in vivo, and isometr...

Cetaceans are neckless, so the trachea is very short. The upper respiratory tract is separate from the mouth and pharynx, and the dorsal blowhole connects, via the vestibular and nasopalatine cavities, directly to the larynx. Toothed cetaceans (Odontoceti) are capable of producing sounds at depth, either for locating prey or for communication. It has been suggested that during dives, air from t...

OBJECTIVE To define the clinical, radiographic, and bronchoscopic features, and to describe the occupations of the largest group of patients with anthracosis. METHODS All patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy at 2 Iranian hospitals (Imam Hospital [Tehran], and Tohid Hospital [Sanandaj]), Iran, between April 1982 and June 2006 were considered for inclusion in the study. The demographic ...

Leukotriene D4-(LTD4) has been reported to cause tachykinin release from airway sensory nerves. However, the functional significance of endogenously released tachykinins in LTD4-mediated airway responses has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LTD4-induced airway responses are due, in part, to tachykinin release in guinea-pigs. Airway plasma exudation and ...

The tracheal and bronchial parasympathetic ganglia in the cat were studied using the histochemical-tiocholine method of Koelle and Friedenwald and histological techniques. Intensively stained AChE-positive nerve structures, i.e., ganglia and nerve fibres on the wall of the trachea and bronchi, were observed. The ganglia were situated mainly on the dorso-lateral surface of these organs, but they...

Diacetyl vapor is associated with bronchiolar injury in man but primarily large airway injury in the rat. The goal of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for inspired vapor dosimetry and to apply the model to diacetyl. The respiratory tract was modeled as a series of airways: nose, trachea, main bronchi, large bronchi, small bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli ...

Abstract Introduction The tracheobronchial tree exhibits a wide range of variations. The purpose of this study is the investigation of the frequency and multidetector tomographic (MDCT) findings of anatomical variations of the main bronchi and of the lobar bronchi, as well as the detection of abnormal bronchi originated from the trachea, in subjects without severe bronchial pathology. Materials...

RATIONALE Pulmonary hamartomas are the most common benign tumor of the lung. Two types of pathologically similar hamartomas exist based on their location. These tumors have a low incidence, are rarely reported and frequently misdiagnosed because of lack of familiarity and/or understanding concerning their imaging features. PATIENT CONCERNS Seventeen patients received treatment between June 20...

Angiotensin II levels are elevated in patients with acute severe asthma. In addition, intravenous angiotensin II causes bronchoconstriction in mild asthmatic patients. In the present study, we examined the effects of this hormone on bronchi in vitro and its interaction with the cholinergic agonist methacholine both in vivo and in vitro. Contractions of rings of human bronchi were measured isome...