The present paper (Newman et al.,) reports on a new formulation of the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), and attempts to forecast the EESC for the coming decades. Notwithstanding that such a study could make a very valuable contribution to prognose the future threat of the ozone layer by halogens, it largely fails to calibrate the forecast with past and present field data. As ...

Do not rely on the widely accepted rule that vicinal, sp(3)-positioned protons in cyclopentene moieties should always have more positive (3) J NMR coupling constants for the cis than for the trans arrangement: Unrecognized exceptions might misguide one to wrong stereochemical assignments and thence to erroneous mechanistic conclusions. We show here that two structurally innocent-looking 2,3-dib...

The oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere is affected by anthropogenic emissions and is projected to change in the future. Model calculations indicate that the change in surface ozone at some locations could be large and have significant implications for human health. The calculations depend on the precise scenarios used for the anthropogenic emissions and on the details of the feedback processe...

Macrocystis pyrifera (Giant Kelp), a dominant macroalgal species in southern California, produced I71 ng per g fresh wt (gfwt) per day of CHBr, and 48 ng gfwt-’ d-’ of CH,Br, during laboratory incubations of whole blades. Comparable rates were measured during in situ incubations 01 intact fronds. Release of CHBr, and CH,Br, by M. pyr$eru was affected by light and algal photosynthetic activity, ...

The bromination of five selected pharmaceuticals (metoprolol, naproxen, amoxicillin, hydrochlorotiazide and phenacetin) in ultrapure water and in three water matrices (a groundwater, a surface water from a public reservoir and a secondary effluent from a WWTP) was investigated. The apparent rate constants for the bromination reaction were determined as a function of the pH, and the sequence obt...

Custard, Kyle David. PhD., Purdue University, May 2015. Studies of Arctic Halogen Chemistry from the Snowpack to the Gas Phase. Major Professor: Paul B. Shepson. The temporary depletion of both tropospheric ozone and gaseous mercury during the Arctic springtime has been a focus of active research over the past several decades. Both of these phenomena have been linked to chemical reactions with ...

Aldose reductase (ALR2) has been implicated in the etiology of diabetic complications, including blindness. Because of the limited number of currently available drugs for the prevention of these long-term complications, the discovery of new ALR2 inhibitors appears highly desirable. In this study, a polybrominated diphenyl ether (1) naturally occurring in a marine sponge was found to inhibit rec...

Ab initio potential energy curves, transition dipole moments, and spin-orbit coupling matrix elements are computed for HBr. These are then used, within the framework of time-dependent quantum-mechanical wave-packet calculations, to study the photodissociation dynamics of the molecule. Total and partial integral cross sections, the branching fraction for the formation of excited-state bromine at...

The degradation process of brominated flame retardant (BFR) and BFR-containing waste computer housing plastic in various supercritical fluids (water, methanol, isopropanol and acetone) was investigated. The results showed that the debromination and degradation efficiencies, final products were greatly affected by the solvent type. Among the four tested solvents, isopropanol was the most suitabl...

The rates of Br atom diffusion on several single crystalline Cu surfaces have been studied because of the potential impact of Br diffusion on the selectivity of alkyl bromide surface chemistry on Cu. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the diffusion of isolated bromine atoms on a flat Cu surface, Cu(111), two Cu surfaces with straight steps, Cu(221) and Cu(533), and two kinke...