Several two-dimensional quantum field theory models have more than one vacuum state. Familiar examples are the Sine-Gordon and the 42-model. It is known that in these models there are also states, called kink states, which interpolate different vacua. A general construction scheme for kink states in the framework of algebraic quantum field theory is developed in a previous paper. However, for t...

Spin-charge separation in the one dimensional electron gas should give rise to two peaks in the single hole spectral function. However, unambiguous detection of these two peaks has proven difficult, since the combined effects of interactions, thermal broadening, and finite experimental resolution can suppress the spin peak. Nevertheless, a telltale kink in the dispersion remains, and the system...

We present a toy model for five-dimensional heterotic M-theory where bulk three-branes, originating in 11 dimensions from M five-branes, are modelled as kink solutions of a bulk scalar field theory. It is shown that the vacua of this defect model correspond to a class of topologically distinct M-theory compactifications. Topology change can then be analysed by studying the time evolution of the...

It is shown that the topological discrete sine-Gordon system introduced by Speight and Ward models the dynamics of an infinite uniform chain of electric dipoles constrained to rotate in a plane containing the chain. Such a chain admits a novel type of static kink solution which may occupy any position relative to the spatial lattice and experiences no Peierls-Nabarro barrier. Consequently the d...

The lattice hydrodynamic model is presented to take into account the passing effect in one-dimensional traffic flow. When the passing constant gamma is small, the conventional jamming transition occurs between the uniform traffic and kink density wave flows. When passing constant gamma is larger than the critical value, the jamming transitions occur from the uniform traffic flow, through the ch...

The structure of an active analog of the antibacterial peptide gaegurin was investigated by CD and NMR spectroscopy. The NOE connectivities showed that 21 out of 24 residues formed an a-helix despite the presence of a central proline. CD and NMR analysis indicates that the helix is in fast equilibrium with random coil. From chemical shift analysis of the amide protons, the distances of hydrogen...

We have found exact, periodic, time-dependent solitary wave solutions of a discrete φ field theory model. For finite lattices, depending on whether one is considering a repulsive or attractive case, the solutions are either Jacobi elliptic functions sn(x,m) (which reduce to the kink function tanh(x) for m → 1), or they are dn(x,m) and cn(x,m) (which reduce to the pulse function sech(x) for m → ...