normal 0 false false false microsoftinternetexplorer4 the association of solid tumors with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) is rare. however, there have been some case reports indicating an association between breast cancer and itp. in this article four patients with breast cancer and itp are mentioned. the diagnosis of breast cancer was based on the results of biopsy or surgical sampl...

More than two-thirds of breast cancers occur in post-menopausal women, and depend on the estrogens for their proliferation and survival. For the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancers, two major treatment options are now available. One is selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) such as Tamoxifen and another is aromatase inhibitor such as Anastrozole, Letrozole and Exemestane, which...

INTRODUCTION Cell surface proteins are ideal targets for cancer therapy and diagnosis. We have identified a set of more than 3700 genes that code for transmembrane proteins believed to be at human cell surface. METHODS We used a high-throuput qPCR system for the analysis of 573 cell surface protein-coding genes in 12 primary breast tumors, 8 breast cell lines, and 21 normal human tissues incl...

PURPOSE Down-regulation of Laminin-5 (LN5)-encoding genes (LAMA3, LAMB3, and LAMC2) has been reported in various human cancers. However, the mechanism of inactivation was not clearly understood until recently. In this study, we investigated the loss of expression of three LN5-encoding genes in breast cancer cell lines and elucidated the mechanism of silencing of the genes in breast cancer cell ...

as systemic lupus erythematosus and malignant melanoma. It is, however, difficult to write a good textbook of immunology for medical students. This is in part because those not immersed in the field lack the knowledge to write it, while those with detailed knowledge of immunology often lack a feeling for the needs of the medical student and the motivation to write a didactic text. Moreover, the...

Automatically extracting breast tumor boundaries in ultrasound images is a difficult task due to the speckle noise, the low image contrast, the variance in shapes, and the local changes of image intensity. In this paper, an improved edge-based active contour model in a variational level set formulation is proposed for semi-automatically capturing ultrasonic breast tumor boundaries. First, we ap...

A significant group of patient with estrogen receptor (ER) α positive breast tumors fails to appreciably respond to endocrine therapy. An increased understanding of the molecular basis of estrogen-mediated signal transduction and resultant gene expression may lead to novel strategies for treating breast cancer. In this study, we sought to identify the dysregulated genes in breast tumors related...

Purpose To evaluate the effect of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after breast conservation surgery in different breast cancer subtypes in a large, randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up. Patients and Methods Tumor tissue was collected from 1,003 patients with node-negative, stage I and II breast cancer who were randomly assigned in the Swedish Breast Cancer Group 91 Radiotherapy trial b...

Breast cancer has been redefined into three clinically relevant subclasses: (i) estrogen/progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+), (ii) HER2/ERRB2 positive, and (iii) those lacking expression of all three markers (triple negative or basal-like). While targeted therapies for ER+/PR+ and HER2+ tumors have revolutionized patient treatment and increased lifespan, an urgent need exists for identifyi...

Cystatin M is a secreted inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases. Several lines of evidence indicate that cystatin M is a tumor suppressor important in breast malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) that leads to inactivation of cystatin M during cancer progression is unknown. Inspection of the human cystatin M locus uncovered a large and dense CpG island within the 5' region of this gene (term...