Three necropsied cases of chronic, sporadic brainstem encephalitis of unknown aetiology are presented. Since their outstanding symptoms were dementia and ataxia of a progressive nature, a noninflammatory disease of the central nervous system was suspected. Neuropathological studies showed chronic inflammatory changes mainly in the brainstem without the presence of inclusion bodies or viral part...

BACKGROUND Severe trauma can cause secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Oxidative stress and/or excitatory neurotoxicity are considered as the final common pathway in nerve cell injuries. Zinc is the cofactor of the redox enzyme, and the effect of the excitatory neurotoxicity is related to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR). MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigat...

This study estimated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of imatinib with irradiation in children with newly diagnosed brainstem gliomas, and those with recurrent malignant intracranial gliomas, stratified according to use of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs (EIACDs). In the brainstem glioma stratum, imatinib was initially administered twice daily during irradiation, but because of possible as...

Recent results have demonstrated complete anatomical and functional repair of descending brainstem-spinal projections in chicken embryos that underwent thoracic spinal cord transection prior to embryonic day 13 (E13) of the 21 d developmental period. To determine to what extent axonal regeneration was contributing to this repair process, we conducted experiments using a double retrograde tract-...

INTRODUCTION The literature has reported the association between lead and auditory effects, based on clinical and experimental studies. However, there is no consensus regarding the effects of lead in the auditory system, or its correlation with the concentration of the metal in the blood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the maturation state of the auditory system, specifically the auditory nerve and...

Purpose: To assess clinical and imaging outcomes in patients treated with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brainstem metastases. Materials and methods: We reviewed all patients with brain metastases treated with SRS at the University of California, San Francisco from 1991–2005 to identify patients who had SRS to a brainstem metastasis. Survival time and freedom from progression (...

Terminals of a morphological type known as RD (for round vesicles and dense mitochondria, which we define here as the aggregate of types formerly known as RSD and RLD, where "S" is small and "L" is large) constitute at least half of the synaptic inputs to the feline lateral geniculate nucleus, which represents the thalamic relay of retinal input to cortex. It had been thought that the vast majo...