Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections of the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein, which bypass the normal pulmonary capillary bed.1 This leads to a right-to-left shunt the diameter of the feeding vessel. The normal pulmonary capillary bed measures only 8 to 10 mcm in diameter and serves not only to oxygenate blood but also to filter small thrombi and bacteria...

HE is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in patients with severe liver diseases, with portosystemic shunt surgery in the form of diffuse mild brain edema. It is also associated with functional changes, such as those in attention and the DMN. MR imaging offers a range of capabilities for assessing the low-grade brain edema and its functional changes in brain affected by HE; therefore, it ...

Disproportionate enlargement or isolation of the fourth ventricle are rare complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Obvious features such as ataxia may indicate raised intracranial pressure in the posterior fossa. The child may, however, present with less specific signs of vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy and these symptoms may be misinterpreted as secon...

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by an increased individual susceptibility to respond to certain triggers by a propagating wave of neuronal depolarization that culminates in typical migraine headaches. Patients with a patent foramen ovale or any kind of right-to-left shunt are more likely to have migraine; and patients with migraine with aura are more likely to have a patent fo...

Research on Dietary Fibre Dr G. A. Spiller, Dr R. J. Amen Urinary Reflux and Chronic Pyelonephritis Dr E. J. Evans Computer-assisted Tomography of the Brain Dr A. S. Bligh and others Minocyc1ine: Possihle Vestibular Side-effects Dr C. S. Nicol, Dr J. D. Oriel Antigenicity of Monocomponent Insulins J. Schlichtkrull Private Beds Prof. David Kerr, F.R.C.P.; Mr Roger Hole, F.R.C.S. The NurseJs Rewa...

A 31-year-old female with a history of pseudotumor cerebri presented with headache and abdominal discomfort after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The VP shunt was placed after prior failure and revision of a lumbar peritoneal shunt. Computed tomography demonstrated shunt migration into the subcutaneous tissue. Laparoscopy was used to reposition the VP shunt, directing the shunt ...

Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus I read with great interest the article by Scollato et al entitled “Changes in Aqueductal CSF Stroke Volume in Shunted Patients with Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus.” In this study, the authors investigated whether there is a relationship between clinical outcome and changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume (ACSV) in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a reversible neurologic disorder characterized by a triad of cognitive impairment, gait abnormality, and urinary incontinence that is commonly treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. However, multiple overlapping symptoms often make it difficult to differentiate normal pressure hydrocephalus from other types of dementia, and imp...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatic failure, and portosystemic shunt (PS) on the brain volume alteration in cirrhotic patients with MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS Sixty cirrhotic patients (overt HE [OHE], n = 11; minimal HE [MHE], n = 19; non HE [nHE], n = 30) including 12 with pre- and post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) sc...

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) has the highest long-term mortality rates of all acute coronary syndromes. Usually, NSTEMI occurs in elderly patients (>75 years of age) with multiple associated diseases. The complication rate for NSTEMI, including heart failure or hemorrhages, is significantly higher than that in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. The case reported is ...