Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare cancer that confined to the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges and eyes. The origin of this type of lymphoma is often type B lymphocytes, and because the central nervous system (CNS) has no lymph nodes or lymphatic vessels, the cause of PCNSL is still uncertain (1). But its source appears to be from lymphocytes located in the CNS (2). Thi...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of neutral proteinases that are important in normal development, cellular differentiation or migration, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, wound repair, and a wide range of pathological processes such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. MMPs have been demonstrated to increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by degrading the c...

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have gained significant attention in recent years as a promising delivery system for drugs targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS) via Nose-To-Brain (NTB) route. The unique characteristics of SLNs, such their small particle size, high stability, and ability to encapsulate lipophilic drugs, make them suitable crossing Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) achieving target...

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, which impairs memory and cognitive function. Walnuts are a dietary source of polyphenols, antioxidants and other compounds with health beneficial effects. These characteristic of walnuts make them perfect candidates for evaluation of their possible effects on neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore the prese...

abstract   introduction: it is demonstrated that the degree of clinical improvement in   parkinson's disease (pd) achieved by deep brain stimulation (dbs) is largely dependent   on the accuracy of lead placement. in addition, individual variability in the   situation of subthalamic nucleus (stn) is responsible for spatial inter-individual   fluctuations of the real patient's target.  ...

Computational brain models use machine learning, algorithms and statistical to harness big data for delivering disease-specific diagnosis or prognosis individuals. While intended supp...

Abstract Background Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom in IBD, affecting the majority of patients with active disease. While impaired energy metabolism may contribute to development fatigue during phases disease, high prevalence remitted IBD less comprehensible. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, but disturbance along microbiota-gut-brain-axis seems likely. This study ex...

This scientific commentary refers to ‘The development and convergence of co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease’, by Robinson et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa438).

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to degeneration of the brain and spinal tissue. imbalances of cd4+ t cells including thelper1 (th1)/thelper2 (th2) and thelper17 (th17)/tregulatory (treg), their secreted cytokines and gene expressions, are important aspects of in immunopathogenesis of ms. vitamin a and its metabolites can regulate the immune system and appear...

celiac disease (cd) is an immune-mediated disorder resulting in nutrient malabsorption now thought to have a prevalence of 1:100 in the iranian population.symptoms of cd are included diarrhea, abdominal pain, steatorrhea, bloating, cramps, flatulence, weight loss, weakness and short stature. in addition to presenting symptoms, patients are also at increased risk of metabolic bone disease, lymph...